Distributions of crystals and gas bubbles in reservoir ice during growth period

• 作 者: Matti LEPPRANTA
• 机 构: Department of Physics,University of Helsinki,
• 出 处: Water Science and Engineering
• 发表日期: 2011年02期
• 关键词: reservoir spherical bubble thermodynamics cylinder pieces granular sections poro

In order to understand the dominant factors of the physical properties of ice in ice thermodynamics and mechanics,in-situ observations of ice growth and decay processes were carried out.Two samplings were conducted in the fast and steady ice growth stages.Ice pieces were used to observe ice crystals and gas bubbles in ice,and to measure the ice density.Vertical profiles of the type and size of ice crystals,shape and size of gas bubbles,and gas bubble content,as well as the ice density,were obtained.The results show that the upper layer of the ice pieces is granular ice and the lower layer is columnar ice;the average crystal size increases with the ice depth and remains steady in the fast and steady ice growth stages;the shape of gas bubbles in the upper layer of ice pieces is spherical with higher total content,and the shape in the middle and lower layers is cylinder with lower total content;the gas bubble size and content vary with the ice growth stage;and the ice density decreases with the increase of the gas bubble content.

In order to understand the dominant factors of the physical properties of ice in ice thermodynamics and mechanics, in-situ observations of ice growth and decay processes were carried out. Two samplings were conducted in the fast and steady ice growth stages .Ice pieces were used to observe ice crystals and gas bubbles in ice, and to measure the ice density. Typical profiles of the type and size of ice crystals, shape and size of gas bubbles, and gas bubble content, as well as the ice density, were obtained. The results show that the upper layer of the ice pieces is granular ice and the lower layer is columnar ice; the average crystal size increases with the ice depth and remains steady in steady ice growth stages; the shape of gas bubbles in the upper layer of ice pieces is spherical with higher total content, and the shape in the middle and lower layers is cylinder with lower total content; the gas bubble size and content vary with the ice growth stage; and the ice density decreases wi th the increase of the gas bubble content.