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基于2010年5月至2011年4月12个航次的调查数据,利用化学参数法以及综合指数法(营养水平指数(E)和营养状态质量指数(NQI)),评价了乳山太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)周年养殖区和秋季暂养育肥区的水质状况和营养状况。结果显示,2个养殖区总磷、总氮、无机磷、无机氮的含量变动范围分别为2.01～7.00μmol.L-1,11.38～75.45μmol.L-1,0.002～0.035mg.L-1,0.03～0.54mg.L-1;两地COD和叶绿素a的含量变动范围分别为1.03～3.41mg.L-1和0.68～42.17μg.L-1,季节差异较大。化学参数法的评价结果表明,乳山牡蛎养殖区春季水质状况最优,冬夏季次之,秋季稍差。由于养殖区内潮流畅通但水深较浅,水中的磷含量易受再悬浮颗粒的影响,E和NQI的评价结果并不吻合。牡蛎养殖对于养殖区叶绿素a的抑制作用较为明显,对氮、磷含量直接效用不显著,但长期养殖可能会造成氮、磷在海区底质中的积累,再悬浮的沉积物颗粒可能会增加水体中的氮磷含量。
Based on the survey data of 12 voyages from May 2010 to April 2011, the chemical parameters and the method of comprehensive index (nutrient level index (EQI) and nutritional status quality index (NQI)) were used to evaluate the effects of Crassostrea gigas ) The annual water quality and nutritional status of the annual farming area and autumn holding fattening area. The results showed that the contents of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen in the two culture areas varied from 2.01 to 7.00μmol.L-1 and from 11.38 to 75.45μmol.L-1, from 0.002 to 0.035mg.L-1, respectively , 0.03-0.54 mg.L-1. The contents of COD and chlorophyll a varied from 1.03 to 3.41 mg.L-1 and from 0.68 to 42.17 μg.L-1, respectively, with significant differences in seasons. The results of chemical parameter method showed that the water quality of Rushan oyster culture area was the best in spring, followed by winter and summer, and slightly worse in autumn. As the tidal current in the aquaculture area is smooth but the water depth is shallow, the phosphorus content in the water is easily affected by the resuspended particles, and the evaluation results of E and NQI do not coincide. The oyster culture has more obvious inhibitory effect on the chlorophyll-a in the culture area, but has no direct effect on the nitrogen and phosphorus contents. However, the long-term culture may cause the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea floor sediment, and the resuspended sediment particles may increase the water body In the nitrogen and phosphorus content.