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以往,人们对细胞和机体的生长发育及疾病发病机制的研究往往集中于蛋白质及其编码基因。近年来在通过对蛋白编码基因表观遗传水平、转录水平以及转录后水平的研究,越来越多的证据显示长非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,LncRNA)在生长、发育以及疾病的发生发展中起重要的作用。人体基因组中约98%的基因转录组为非编码RNA,其中绝大部分为LncRNA,只有不足2%的编码基因最终经过转录翻译为蛋白质。最新的研究表明,人体中存在数万条LncRNA。目前,只有极少数LncRNA在细胞代谢及疾病发生中的作用被初步揭示,绝大部分的LncRNA的功能完全未知。进一步深入研究LncRNA的生物学功能,有可能为阐明许多重大疾病的发病过程及机制带来重大的突破,并提供独特的干预靶点。本综述简要讨论LncRNA与一些重大临床疾病关系的最新研究进展。
In the past, people’s research on the growth and development of cells and the body and the pathogenesis of diseases often focused on proteins and their coding genes. In recent years, more and more evidences show that long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are involved in the growth, development and development of diseases by studying the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels of protein-coding genes. Play an important role. About 98% of the human genome transcriptome is non-coding RNA, the vast majority of which are LncRNAs, and less than 2% of the coding genes are ultimately transcribed into proteins. Recent research shows that there are tens of thousands of LncRNAs in the human body. At present, the function of very few LncRNAs in cell metabolism and disease is initially revealed, and the function of most LncRNAs is completely unknown. Further study of the biological function of LncRNA may bring a significant breakthrough in clarifying the pathogenesis and mechanism of many major diseases and provide a unique target for intervention. This review briefly discusses recent advances in the relationship between LncRNA and some major clinical diseases.