矮败小麦在育种上的利用 Ⅱ.矮败小麦的开花习性与异交结实率

• 作 者: 刘思衡 巫升鑫 钟洁 吴良章
• 机 构: 福建农业大学农学系,福建农业大学农学系,福建农业大学农学系,福建农业大学农学系 福州 350002,福州 350002,福州 350002,福州 350002
• 出 处: 福建农业大学学报
• 发表日期: 1996年01期
• 关键词: 异交结实率 开花习性 花器结构 生活力 授粉结实 矮秆基因 花后 抽穗开花 植株密度 杂交后代

矮败小麦的花器结构和开花习性与太谷核不育小麦相似。柱头生活力可达10 d以上,不育株株高仅为可育株的1/2—2╱3,其穗部受可育株上部第1—2片叶的遮蔽而减少了柱头接受花粉的机会,异交结实率降低,植株密度越大,结实率越低,不育株抽穗期较可育株晚2—5 d,不利于授粉结实。开花期多雨也降低异交结实率,4 a 5季试验结果,不育株异交结实率平均为16.07%—52.33%。

Dwarf wheat flower structure and flowering and Taigu nuclear sterile wheat similar. Stigma viability up to 10 d or more, sterile plant height of only fertile plants 1 / 2-2 ╱ 3, the spike by the upper part of the fertile plant leaves 1-2 shelter and reduce stigma to accept pollen The rate of outcrossing and seed setting is lower. The higher the plant density is, the lower the seed setting rate is, and the heading stage of sterile plants is 2-5 d later than that of fertile plants, which is not conducive to pollination and fruiting. Rainy flowering also reduced the rate of outcrossing. The average rate of outcrossing and seed setting of sterile plants was 16.07% -52.33% after 4 a-5 seasons.