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【摘要】中学英语阅读课的教学是教学中的重要组成部分。在课堂上,如何帮助学生通过有效的阅读来获取及处理信息呢?帮助学生不断提高阅读能力成了关键所在,这其实也是我们英语阅读教学中亟待解决的问题。本文我就如何有效地组织英语阅读教学活动阐述了我的观点。我始终认为要解决阅读困难的问题一定要从学生本身找原因,所以我这篇文章的论点根据来源于对学生的调查,并从学生的调查中总结几点有代表性的问题作为论证对象。
【键词】教学;理解;活动;组织
阅读理解的教学始终是初中英语教学的重要组成部分,这可以从两个方面来说明其重要性:一方面是有关我们英语学习的目的性,即英语作为一种语言,其本身的功能就是为了达到获取信息和与人交流的目的,而阅读正是帮助我们获取信息的主要方式之一;另一方面也是对于学生而言非常现实的考试中阅读理解的得分,阅读理解的分值较重,稍有疏忽极有可能酿成大过。正所谓“分、分、分,学生的命根”。
要真正做到阅读课的有效组织,我认为首先要理解学生对于做阅读理解题型时所面临的最大困难是什么?学生在阅读过程中可能会遇到哪些主要困难?基于理解这些问题,我深入学生中做了一个调查,经过调查总结,以下几点是大部分同学认为很难克服的困难:
1.认识的单词影响对全文的理解。
2.有时会发现没有方向,也就是说抓不住阅读题材的重点所在。
3.读理解的恐惧,担心没有时间做,从容头脑混乱没有思路,阅读时就没有层次,把握不了文章的脉络。
一、单词替换法
单词替换法主要针对学生在阅读过程中遇到不认识的单词时采用的一种巧妙的方法,学生在遇到不认识的单词时,如果学生能根据上下文的意思巧妙的把这些不认识的单词转换成自己认识的且自己认为合理的单词,这样可以增强学生的阅读理解的信心而不太会影响对整文的理解。据我多年教英语的经验,下面是我在初三阅读理解教学中引导同学们利用单词替换法帮助理解并最终完成答题的例子:
When Mr. David retired , he bought a small house in a village near the sea. He liked it and hoped to live a quiet life in it.
But to his great surprise, many tourists(游客)came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most interesting building in the village. From morning to night there were tourists outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and many of them even went into Mr. David’s garden. This was too much for Mr. David. He decided to drive the visitors away. So he put a notice on the window. The notice said: “If you want to satisfy your curiosity, came in and look round. Price(价格): twenty dollars.” Mr. David was sure that the visitors would stop coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr. David had to spend every day showing them around his house. “I came here to retire, not to work as a guide(导游).” he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away.
根据短文内容,从下列各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案。
1.Mr. David’s house was that many tourists came to see it.(C)
A.so small B.so quiet C.so interesting D.such interesting
2.Mr. David put a notice on the window in order . (A)
A.to drive the visitors away
B.to satisfy the visitor’s curiosity
C.to let visitors come in and look round
D.to get some money out of the visitors
3.The notice made the visitors .(A)
A.more interested in his house
B.lost interest in his house
C.angry at the unfair price
D.feel happy about the price
4.After Mr. David put up the notice .(C)
A.the visitors didn’t come any longer
B.fewer and fewer visitors came to see his house
C.more and more tourists came for a visit
D.no tourist would pay the money for a visit
5.At last he had to sell his house and move away because .(B)
A.he did not like it at all
B.he could not work as a guide
C.he made enough money and wanted to buy a new expensive house
D.he could not live a quiet life in it
在这一篇阅读理解中,在文章中有两处划了下滑线的是同学们反映出来不认识的,这时我就鼓励同学们大胆的去根据上下文的意思来替换它,结果主要出现了以下几种:对于“retired”一词,同学们给出 “old , tired ,ill, angry”,对于“satisfy your curiosity”这个词组,同学们给出“see, visit, know”,其实从文章来看,同学们所给出的这几个替换词对于全文的理解并没造成很大的影响,再回到这五个题目来看,更加没有对答题造成任何影响,反而可以帮助学生完成这次阅读,同时也增强了学生对做阅读理解题型的信息,因为他们会这么想——原来做阅读理解还可以这样来做呀,并且他们用这种方法成功了。当然这种方法要在平时加以练习,让学生自己形成一种自己的认识非常重要。单词替换法也不是什么时候都可以用的,这还要建立在对上下文的理解基础上做出有效的判断的。
二、关注标题与小标题
好的标题不仅能为学生预测文章内容提供重要的线索,而且能够激活学生的知识结构,使学生作出有效的预测。有关“读物标题与知识结构”之间的关系的实验研究表明,由于文章没有标题,学生的知识结构或图式不能被激活,他们的预测活动受到很大限制,转而影响他们阅读理解的速度。这主要是针对在阅读时有时会发现没有方向,也就是说抓不住阅读题材重点所在的同学所设计的一种教学方式。
三、转换表达方式
学生把传递信息的文字形式转换成其他的表达方式,如地图、图表、流程图等也是加深学生理解好和记忆的有效方法。这主要是针对对阅读理解存在着恐惧,担心没有时间做,从容头脑混乱没有思路,阅读时就没有层次,把握不了文章的脉络的同学所设计的一种教学方式。
下面这段文字是我在初三教学中用到的一种转换表达方式,我把文章中的主要内容以流程图的方式转化可口可乐的生产流程,这样就可以帮助学生在阅读过程中更有层次性,更容易的区把握文章的脉络:
The production of Coca-Cola begins with the process of syrup making. Measured quantities of sugar and treated water are mixed to form what is called ‘simple syrup’. Coca-Cola concentrate is to be poured into this basic syrup and is mixed with it to produce Coca-Cola syrup. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide is mixed with treated water to make carbonated drink. Finally, it is bottled and is then ready for consumption.
在我教学过程中,我先给学生这个流程图,让同学们去体会这图中的生产程序,再给出这篇阅读文章。当然也可以先让同学们阅读这篇文章再让同学们自己画出一个相应的生产流程图,之后让同学们与我这个相对应,只要是正确的都给予鼓励、表扬、肯定以便增强学生的信息。
以上是本人对于在课堂上如何帮组学生通过有效的阅读来获取及处理信息,如何帮助学生不断提高阅读能力的一点肤浅认识,望能得到同仁们的不吝点拨从而使鄙人能在此基础上得到更高深的认识。
【键词】教学;理解;活动;组织
阅读理解的教学始终是初中英语教学的重要组成部分,这可以从两个方面来说明其重要性:一方面是有关我们英语学习的目的性,即英语作为一种语言,其本身的功能就是为了达到获取信息和与人交流的目的,而阅读正是帮助我们获取信息的主要方式之一;另一方面也是对于学生而言非常现实的考试中阅读理解的得分,阅读理解的分值较重,稍有疏忽极有可能酿成大过。正所谓“分、分、分,学生的命根”。
要真正做到阅读课的有效组织,我认为首先要理解学生对于做阅读理解题型时所面临的最大困难是什么?学生在阅读过程中可能会遇到哪些主要困难?基于理解这些问题,我深入学生中做了一个调查,经过调查总结,以下几点是大部分同学认为很难克服的困难:
1.认识的单词影响对全文的理解。
2.有时会发现没有方向,也就是说抓不住阅读题材的重点所在。
3.读理解的恐惧,担心没有时间做,从容头脑混乱没有思路,阅读时就没有层次,把握不了文章的脉络。
一、单词替换法
单词替换法主要针对学生在阅读过程中遇到不认识的单词时采用的一种巧妙的方法,学生在遇到不认识的单词时,如果学生能根据上下文的意思巧妙的把这些不认识的单词转换成自己认识的且自己认为合理的单词,这样可以增强学生的阅读理解的信心而不太会影响对整文的理解。据我多年教英语的经验,下面是我在初三阅读理解教学中引导同学们利用单词替换法帮助理解并最终完成答题的例子:
When Mr. David retired , he bought a small house in a village near the sea. He liked it and hoped to live a quiet life in it.
But to his great surprise, many tourists(游客)came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most interesting building in the village. From morning to night there were tourists outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and many of them even went into Mr. David’s garden. This was too much for Mr. David. He decided to drive the visitors away. So he put a notice on the window. The notice said: “If you want to satisfy your curiosity, came in and look round. Price(价格): twenty dollars.” Mr. David was sure that the visitors would stop coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr. David had to spend every day showing them around his house. “I came here to retire, not to work as a guide(导游).” he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away.
根据短文内容,从下列各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选择正确答案。
1.Mr. David’s house was that many tourists came to see it.(C)
A.so small B.so quiet C.so interesting D.such interesting
2.Mr. David put a notice on the window in order . (A)
A.to drive the visitors away
B.to satisfy the visitor’s curiosity
C.to let visitors come in and look round
D.to get some money out of the visitors
3.The notice made the visitors .(A)
A.more interested in his house
B.lost interest in his house
C.angry at the unfair price
D.feel happy about the price
4.After Mr. David put up the notice .(C)
A.the visitors didn’t come any longer
B.fewer and fewer visitors came to see his house
C.more and more tourists came for a visit
D.no tourist would pay the money for a visit
5.At last he had to sell his house and move away because .(B)
A.he did not like it at all
B.he could not work as a guide
C.he made enough money and wanted to buy a new expensive house
D.he could not live a quiet life in it
在这一篇阅读理解中,在文章中有两处划了下滑线的是同学们反映出来不认识的,这时我就鼓励同学们大胆的去根据上下文的意思来替换它,结果主要出现了以下几种:对于“retired”一词,同学们给出 “old , tired ,ill, angry”,对于“satisfy your curiosity”这个词组,同学们给出“see, visit, know”,其实从文章来看,同学们所给出的这几个替换词对于全文的理解并没造成很大的影响,再回到这五个题目来看,更加没有对答题造成任何影响,反而可以帮助学生完成这次阅读,同时也增强了学生对做阅读理解题型的信息,因为他们会这么想——原来做阅读理解还可以这样来做呀,并且他们用这种方法成功了。当然这种方法要在平时加以练习,让学生自己形成一种自己的认识非常重要。单词替换法也不是什么时候都可以用的,这还要建立在对上下文的理解基础上做出有效的判断的。
二、关注标题与小标题
好的标题不仅能为学生预测文章内容提供重要的线索,而且能够激活学生的知识结构,使学生作出有效的预测。有关“读物标题与知识结构”之间的关系的实验研究表明,由于文章没有标题,学生的知识结构或图式不能被激活,他们的预测活动受到很大限制,转而影响他们阅读理解的速度。这主要是针对在阅读时有时会发现没有方向,也就是说抓不住阅读题材重点所在的同学所设计的一种教学方式。
三、转换表达方式
学生把传递信息的文字形式转换成其他的表达方式,如地图、图表、流程图等也是加深学生理解好和记忆的有效方法。这主要是针对对阅读理解存在着恐惧,担心没有时间做,从容头脑混乱没有思路,阅读时就没有层次,把握不了文章的脉络的同学所设计的一种教学方式。
下面这段文字是我在初三教学中用到的一种转换表达方式,我把文章中的主要内容以流程图的方式转化可口可乐的生产流程,这样就可以帮助学生在阅读过程中更有层次性,更容易的区把握文章的脉络:
The production of Coca-Cola begins with the process of syrup making. Measured quantities of sugar and treated water are mixed to form what is called ‘simple syrup’. Coca-Cola concentrate is to be poured into this basic syrup and is mixed with it to produce Coca-Cola syrup. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide is mixed with treated water to make carbonated drink. Finally, it is bottled and is then ready for consumption.
在我教学过程中,我先给学生这个流程图,让同学们去体会这图中的生产程序,再给出这篇阅读文章。当然也可以先让同学们阅读这篇文章再让同学们自己画出一个相应的生产流程图,之后让同学们与我这个相对应,只要是正确的都给予鼓励、表扬、肯定以便增强学生的信息。
以上是本人对于在课堂上如何帮组学生通过有效的阅读来获取及处理信息,如何帮助学生不断提高阅读能力的一点肤浅认识,望能得到同仁们的不吝点拨从而使鄙人能在此基础上得到更高深的认识。