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目的分析深圳市2012年疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的发生特征,评价监测系统运转情况及预防接种安全性。方法通过全国AEFI监测系统,收集截至2013年1月31日报告的2012年AEFI个案数据,用描述性流行病学方法分析。结果 2012年深圳市AEFI监测系统共收到1 414例个案,其中≤1岁占46.3%,男女性别比为1.40∶1,无明显的季节分布。AEFI一般反应占68.3%,其中90.4%发生在接种后1d内;异常反应占26.5%,以过敏反应为主,86.1%发生在接种后1d内。估算各类异常反应报告发生率为2.10/100万至1 479.76/100万。患者99.9%治愈或好转,仅1例有后遗症,尚未诊断。全市8个区均有AEFI数据报告,48h内报告率为99.5%,48h内调查率为98.5%。结论深圳市疫苗使用整体安全性较好,主要以一般反应和过敏反应为主,且预后良好,但AEFI监测的敏感性各区差异较大,有待提高,应进一步加强培训和督导,推进信息化管理,提高监测质量。
Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics of suspected AEFI in Shenzhen in 2012, evaluate the operation status of monitoring system and vaccination safety. Methods The 2012 AEFI case data reported as of January 31, 2013 was collected through a national AEFI monitoring system and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 1 414 cases were received by the AEFI monitoring system in Shenzhen in 2012, of which 46.3% were ≤1 and the male-to-female sex ratio was 1.40:1. There was no obvious seasonal distribution. AEFI general reaction accounted for 68.3%, of which 90.4% occurred within 1d after inoculation; abnormal reaction accounted for 26.5%, mainly allergic reactions, 86.1% occurred within 1d after inoculation. The estimated incidence of various types of abnormal reaction reports was 2.10 / 1 million to 1 479.76 / 1 million. 99.9% of patients cured or improved, only 1 case of sequelae, not yet diagnosed. The city’s eight districts have AEFI data report, reporting rate was 99.5% within 48h, 48h within the investigation rate was 98.5%. Conclusion The overall safety of vaccine use in Shenzhen is good, mainly in general and allergic reactions, and the prognosis is good. However, the sensitivity of AEFI monitoring varies greatly among different districts and needs to be improved. Training and supervision should be further strengthened to promote information management , Improve the quality of monitoring.