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一、中国经济改革的概况1.“高度增长的十年”和新的困难1979年以来,中国经济看来确实有了惊人的增长。1987年的国民生产总值(相当GNP)为十年前的2.25倍,工业生产总值为2.8倍,农业生产总值为1.8倍(其中谷物生产为1.33倍),国民收入达到2.2倍,这十年间社会生产总值的年增长率达到10.8%,工业年增长率为12.0%,农业是6.5%,确实说得上是高度增长的十年1人民的生活水平也有一定程度的提高。城市居民的人均生活费,如扣除物价上涨因素,十年间增加了1.9倍,农民则增加了2.8倍。1987年的社会商品零售总额为十年前的3.7倍,扣除物价上涨因素后的实际年增长率为15.8%。可是,搞活经济不光带来使物质变得丰富的一面。在经济过热中,从1988年起,消费品、
I. Overview of China’s Economic Reform 1. “Ten Years of High Growth” and New Difficulties Since 1979, the Chinese economy does appear to have witnessed remarkable growth. In 1987, GNP (equivalent GNP) was 2.25 times that of a decade ago, with a total industrial output of 2.8 times and a total agricultural output of 1.8 times (of which 1.33 times of cereal production) and a national income of 2.2 times In 10 years, the annual growth rate of GDP reached 10.8%, the annual growth rate of industry was 12.0%, and that of agriculture was 6.5%. Indeed, in the 10 years of a high degree of growth, 1 the living standards of the people have also been somewhat improved. Per capita living expenses of urban residents, such as the deduction of rising prices, increased by 1.9 times in ten years and that in peasants increased by 2.8 times. In 1987, the total retail sales of social goods was 3.7 times that of a decade ago. After deducting the price inflation, the actual annual growth rate was 15.8%. However, invigorating the economy not only brings about the material enrichment. In the economic overheating, since 1988, consumer goods,