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锡金历史上是位于喜马拉雅山脉南麓的一个山地小国,它北接中国的西藏自治区,南临孟加拉平原,东西两侧分别是不丹和尼泊尔。从地质学上来看,由于南北向的断裂构造,喜马拉雅山弧形地带形成了许多高峰,其中泡罕里山和卓木拉日山之间形成了亚东——帕里——康马断裂谷地,使喜马拉雅山脉这道巨大的屏障在此出现了一道缺口。处于这样一个位置的锡金一直被视为是从恒河平原通往西藏乃至中国内地的最好通道,中西边境东段西藏一侧的亚东在历史上一直是印藏贸易的重要口岸。
Sikkim is historically a small mountain country located in the southern foothills of the Himalayas. It borders China’s Tibet Autonomous Region on the north, Bangladesh’s plains on the south, and Bhutan and Nepal on the east and west. From a geological point of view, due to the fault structure in the north-south direction, many peaks were formed in the arc-shaped Himalayas. Among them, the Yadong-Pali-Khamma Valley was formed between Paekhanli Mountain and Zhuolulla Mountain. There is a gap in the huge barrier of the Himalayas. Sikkim in such a position has always been regarded as the best route from the Ganges River plains to Tibet and even to the mainland of China. Yadong on the Tibetan side of the eastern section of the Sino-West border has historically been an important port for Indian and Tibetan trade.