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行为科学家莱维特、戴维斯等人先后提出了有关正式信息交流网络和非正式信息交流渠道的理论。行为科学家莱维特、巴维拉斯等都研究过正式信息交流的网络及其效率问题。所谓正式信息交流,指的是通过正式组织明文规定的渠道进行的信息交流,如组织间的公函来往、组织内部的命令指示和请示汇报,会议和正式刊物(如公司杂志)等。正式信息交流有较强的权威性和约束力,但有时速度较慢,范围受限
Behavioral scientists Levitt, Davis, and others have put forward theories about formal information exchange networks and informal information exchange channels. Behavioral scientists Levitt, Barviras and others have studied the formal information exchange network and its efficiency issues. The so-called formal information exchange refers to the exchange of information through the channels officially provided by the official organization, such as correspondence between organizations, internal order instructions and reports, meetings, and official publications (such as company magazines). Formal information exchange is highly authoritative and binding, but at times slow and limited in scope