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砖砌体是用砂浆将砖块粘合在一起共同受力的整体结构,其强度不仅取决于砖和砂浆的实际强度,而且与灰缝砂浆饱满度有很大关系。例如某乡镇教学楼工程,为3层砖混结构,在主体分部核验时,发现二层一处大梁下部窗间墙砖砌体出现开裂,缝宽达2mm、长达1.5m,严重影响结构安全,经现场实测,发现砖和砂浆强度都达到了设计要求,而砂浆饱满度平均值仅达60％(规范要求不低于80％),这就说明砖砌体砂浆饱满度的重要性。因此,在使用同一种强度的砖和砂浆的情况下,砌体的实际强度随砂浆饱满度的变化而变化,灰缝砂浆饱满度高,强度就高。造成砌体灰缝砂浆饱满度偏低的原因主要有以下几点。
Brick masonry is an integral structure where mortar is used to bond bricks together. The strength depends not only on the actual strength of bricks and mortar, but also on the fullness of mortar mortar. For example, in a township teaching building project, which is a three-story brick-concrete structure, when it is verified by the main branch, it is found that cracks occur in the wall of the second floor and one of the lower beams of the girder. The crack width is 2mm and the length is 1.5m, which seriously affects the structure. Safety, after field measurement, found that the strength of bricks and mortars has reached the design requirements, and the average degree of fullness of the mortar is only 60% (standard requirements are not less than 80%), which shows the importance of the fullness of the brick masonry mortar. Therefore, in the case of bricks and mortars of the same strength, the actual strength of the masonry varies with the change of the fullness of the mortar, and the mortar mortar has a high fullness and a high strength. The reasons for the low plumpness of masonry mortar joint mortar mainly include the following points.