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目的了解外企农民工职业卫生知识的认知状况,探讨提高农民工职业卫生知识的途径及其效果,为开展农民工职业卫生宣传教育和提高其职业卫生知识水平提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法选择不同行业的外企农民工进行干预前后问卷调查,调查的主要内容包括农民工对《职业病防治法》和职业病危害及其防护相关知识的认知,干预措施包括行政手段干预和健康教育干预,对调查数据采用SPSS13.0软件作统计分析。结果外企农民工的整体文化程度较低,初中及以下高达63.28%;干预前对《职业病防治法》和职业危害与防护相关知识的认知率偏低,认为对《职业病防治法》了解的仅占7.56%,认为了解一点的占76.00%,另有16.44%认为不了解甚至从未听说过该法;通过一系列的干预措施后,认为对《职业病防治法》了解的提高到62.89%、认为了解一点的下降到30.74%,而认为不了解甚至从未听说过该法下降到只有6.36%;干预后农民工对职业危害与防护相关知识的认知率提高,而卫生部门宣传和企业组织培训的干预效果最为明显。结论当前农民工对职业卫生知识的认知率低,各级部门有必要加大对《职业病防治法》和职业危害与防护相关知识的宣贯,而卫生部门宣传和企业组织培训为主的综合性健康促进干预措施可有效地提高农民工职业卫生知识,在今后的职业卫生工作中应从根本上提高农民工的自我防护能力。
Objective To understand the cognitive status of migrant workers in occupational health in foreign enterprises and to explore the ways and effects of improving occupational health knowledge of migrant workers so as to provide a scientific basis for carrying out propaganda and education on occupational health of migrant workers and improving their occupational health knowledge. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select the questionnaires of the migrant workers from foreign enterprises of different industries before and after the intervention. The main contents of the survey included the cognition of the “Occupational Disease Prevention Law” and occupational disease hazards and their protection-related knowledge by migrant workers, intervention measures Including the intervention of administrative means and health education interventions, the survey data using SPSS13.0 software for statistical analysis. Results The overall educational level of migrant workers in foreign-funded enterprises was relatively low, up to 63.28% of junior high school and below. Before the intervention, the recognition rate of “Occupational Disease Prevention Law” and occupational hazards and protection-related knowledge was low. Only the knowledge of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law Accounting for 7.56%, accounting for 76.00% of the respondents, and 16.44% of them think they do not understand or even have never heard of the law. After a series of interventions, the understanding of the Occupational Disease Prevention Law was raised to 62.89% Think that understanding of a little dropped to 30.74%, but do not understand or even never heard of the Act dropped to only 6.36%; after intervention, migrant workers to occupational hazards and protection of knowledge-related knowledge rate increased, while the health sector publicity and business The effect of tissue training intervention is most obvious. Conclusion At present, migrant workers have a low awareness of occupational health knowledge. It is necessary for departments at all levels to intensify the publicity of the Occupational Disease Prevention Law and the knowledge on occupational hazards and protection, while the health department publicity and corporate training Sexual health promotion interventions can effectively improve the occupational health knowledge of migrant workers, and in the future occupational health work, the self-protection capability of migrant workers should be fundamentally improved.