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本文通过理论分析和实验指出引起导轨爬行现象的动静摩擦力差异是由一种摩擦过程的“动力响应”连成的。摩擦过程中的动力响应使摩擦表面实际接触区域随着相对滑动速度的增加而得到“动力强化”,使上下表面由原来平衡位置相互脱离,因而使摩擦力随速度的增加而减少;由动力响应引起的表面动力强化和表面微幅振动在相对静止后不能立即消失,而是随时间逐渐消失,进入分子作用区域的面积也随着逐渐增加,因而摩擦力随相对静止持续时间的增加而增加。由动力响应观点可以建立摩擦力和速度关系的数学模型和经验公式。由于动力响应能使摩擦副表面内产生严重的接触应力集中,加剧磨损,所以也可把动力响应大小作为摩擦副配偶好坏的准则之一。
In this paper, the theoretical analysis and experiments show that the difference between the static and dynamic friction forces that cause the phenomenon of track creep is connected by the “dynamic response” of a friction process. The dynamic response in the process of friction makes the actual contact area of the friction surface get “dynamic strengthening” with the increase of the relative sliding speed, so that the upper and lower surfaces are separated from the original equilibrium position, so that the friction decreases with the increase of the speed. The surface dynamic strengthening and surface micro-vibration can not disappear immediately after relative rest, but gradually disappear with time. The area entering the molecular action region also increases gradually, so the friction force increases with the relative quiescent duration. From the viewpoint of dynamic response, a mathematical model and empirical formula for the relationship between friction and velocity can be established. As the dynamic response can make the surface of the friction pair produce serious contact stress concentration, aggravate the wear, so the dynamic response size can also be used as one of the criteria for the friction pair of spouses.