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本文根据1963～1973年的十年资料,对新疆塔城地区41起肉毒中毒进行流行病学分析。患病147例,其中死亡24例,病死率16.3%,罹患率61.6%。无论男女老幼均可发生,无明显易感性差别。患者均为汉族,其他少数民族未见发病。全年各月均有发生,无明显季节性特点。本地区各县,除和布克赛尔外,均有发生,90.2%的病例发生在农村。引起中毒的食品,92.7%为自制豆、面类发酵食物,只2起为羊油,1起为自制臭鸡蛋。有19起中毒的标本检获肉毒梭菌毒素,其中A型15起,B型1起,A、B型混合2起,未定型1起。污染来源主要来自外界,本地区荒地、新耕地、牧场较多,土壤被肉毒梭菌污染较重,上述食品的发酵制作过程有利于肉毒梭菌的繁殖和产生毒素。临床方面,潜伏期多为1～7天,平均4.7天,但也可短至不足1天,或长至10天以上。抗毒素的及时应用,可使病死率显著下降。死亡多发生在病后第5～10天。文内并结合资料复习,对肉毒梭菌菌型及其分布,中毒的发生机理,有关的食品卫生问题以及毒素检验等,进行概略的讨论。
Based on the ten years data from 1963 to 1973, this article carries out an epidemiological analysis of 41 botulism cases in Tacheng, Xinjiang. 147 cases of illness, of which 24 died, the case fatality rate was 16.3%, the attack rate was 61.6%. Both men, women and children can occur, no significant difference in susceptibility. All patients were Han nationality, other ethnic minorities did not see the disease. Occur throughout the year, no obvious seasonal features. All counties in the region, except Hopkseil, have occurred, with 90.2% of cases occurring in rural areas. Toxic food, 92.7% of homemade beans, noodles fermented food, only two from the suet, one from homemade rotten eggs. There were 19 poisoned specimens seized Clostridium botulinum toxin, of which 15 cases of type A, type B 1, type A, B mixed 2, not a stereotypes. The sources of pollution mainly come from the outside world. Wasteland, new farmland and pasture in this area are more polluted by Clostridium botulinum. The fermentative process of the above foods is beneficial to C. botulinum breeding and toxin production. Clinically, the incubation period is mostly 1 to 7 days, an average of 4.7 days, but can also be short to less than 1 day, or longer than 10 days. The timely application of antitoxin can make the case fatality rate dropped significantly. Death occurred in the first 5 to 10 days after the illness. Combined with the information in the text review, Clostridium botulinum type and its distribution, the pathogenesis of poisoning, the food hygiene issues and toxins testing, a brief discussion.