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核酸适配体(aptamer)又称核酸适配子,是利用指数富集的配体系统进化技术(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichrnent,SELEX)通过随机寡核苷酸文库与靶物质结合,经过多轮的筛选和扩增,得到的单链DNA或RNA,具有高亲和力,能特异性地结合靶物质。由于核酸适配体具有靶标分子范围广,自身分子质量小,对靶物质有高亲和力、特异性等特点,得到了研究者的广泛关注,逐渐应用于分析化学、蛋白质组学等学科,涉及到的技术手段有生物传感器、生物芯片等。适配体作为一种新型的药物分子在肿瘤领域应用研究也逐渐增多,在肿瘤诊断和治疗上起到了重要的作用。文章总结了近年来肿瘤相关因子的核酸适配体在肿瘤诊断与治疗中的研究情况。
Aptamers, also known as aptamers, are based on the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) bound to a target substance by a random oligonucleotide library, The round of screening and amplification, resulting single-stranded DNA or RNA, with high affinity, can specifically bind the target material. Due to their wide range of target molecules, low molecular weight and high affinity and specificity for target substances, aptamers have attracted a great deal of attention from researchers and have been gradually applied in many fields such as analytical chemistry and proteomics. The technical means of biosensors, biochips and so on. As a new kind of drug molecule, aptamer has been applied in the field of oncology and gradually increased, which plays an important role in tumor diagnosis and treatment. The article summarizes the recent research on tumor associated factor aptamers in tumor diagnosis and treatment.