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一、引言当前,技术创新给各国经济带来了巨大的发展,同时也推动了人类社会的进步。对于企业来说它是实现高质量经济增长,提高企业经济效益和提高企业竞争力的重要途径。在目前市场竞争异常激烈的情况下,能否跟上创新的步伐,保持不断的创新就成了企业兴衰成败的关键。由于企业的研究与开发能力有限,许多中小企业甚至没有自己的研发机构,然而大学和研究院所则汇集了大量的科技人员,有很多的研究成果。因此,各国都在努力实现产学研之间的合作,以此来增强企业的创新能力和研发能力,促进大学与研究机构的科技成果转化,从而提高一国的综合国力和国际竞争力。美国、日本、以及法国、俄罗斯等欧洲国家
I. INTRODUCTION At present, technological innovation has brought tremendous development to the economies of various countries and at the same time promoted the progress of human society. For enterprises, it is an important way to achieve high-quality economic growth, improve the economic efficiency of enterprises and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. In the current extremely fierce market competition circumstances, the ability to keep up with the pace of innovation, continuous innovation has become the key to the success or failure of the enterprise. Because of their limited research and development capabilities, many SMEs do not even have their own R & D facilities. However, universities and research institutes have a large number of scientists and technicians, and many research results have been obtained. Therefore, all countries are striving to achieve cooperation among industry, academia and research so as to enhance the innovation capability and R & D capability of enterprises and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements between universities and research institutes so as to enhance the comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness of a country. The United States, Japan, as well as France, Russia and other European countries