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焊接是工业中最广泛应用的工艺,其应用几乎涉及所有工业部门,尤其在造船、锅炉、机械制造、桥梁、化工设备、建筑、机车车辆制造等行业是主要工种之一。焊接工艺种类很多,其有害因素亦异。不仅有物理性有害因素(如紫外线辐射、放射性物质、高频电磁场、高温及噪声等),更重要的是在焊接过程中产生的氧化铁、氧化锰、氧化锌、氟化物及其他微量元素铬、镍等和光化学氧化作用产生的氮氧化物、臭氧及一氧化碳等一时性反应物,可对焊工健康产生严重影响,其它如在涂漆或涂绝缘材料的金属上或经化学清洗剂处理的金属上施焊时,尚可产生大量相应的高温分解产物。因此焊工在作业时,面临着综合性职业危害。
Welding is the most widely used process in the industry. Its application is in almost all industrial sectors. It is one of the main types of work in industries such as shipbuilding, boilers, machinery manufacturing, bridges, chemical equipment, construction and rolling stock manufacturing. Many types of welding process, the harmful factors are different. Not only the physical and harmful factors (such as ultraviolet radiation, radioactive substances, high-frequency electromagnetic fields, high temperature and noise, etc.), more importantly, in the welding process generated iron oxide, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, fluoride and other trace elements chromium , Nickel and photochemical oxidation of nitrogen oxides, ozone and carbon monoxide and other temporary reactants, may have a serious impact on the health of welders, such as other painted or coated metal insulation material or metal cleaning agent On the welding, can still produce a large number of corresponding pyrolysis products. Therefore, welders in the operation, facing a comprehensive occupational hazards.