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卡介苗是减毒活菌苗,用于人体预防结核病已有59年历史了。世界各国在应用卡介苗的长期实践中,充分证明卡介苗是安全可靠的。试验表明,接种卡介苗组比未接种卡介苗组结核发病率减少80%,保护力达70～90%,保护时间能维持15～20年之久。现就当前使用卡介苗方面谈几点看法,供参考。一、制剂和接种途径卡介苗分为死卡介苗和活卡介苗两种。死卡介苗用于人体免疫效果差,目前已不用。活卡介苗按剂型来分,有液体和冻干两种剂型。液体卡介苗制备程序较简单,但有效期短,菌苗活力丧失快。冻干卡介苗在国外已有30多年的生产历史,我国于1956年开始生产。冻干制剂虽然成本稍高,但有效期达1～2年,制品耐热,便于贮存和运输,更适用于我国情况。从使用途径来分,卡介苗又分为供口服、划痕、
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is a live attenuated vaccine that has been used in the human body to prevent tuberculosis for 59 years. In the long-term practice of applying BCG, countries in the world have fully proved that BCG is safe and reliable. Tests showed that the BCG vaccination group than in the non-BCG group TB incidence reduced by 80%, protection of 70 to 90%, the protection time can be maintained for 15 to 20 years. Now on the use of BCG talk about several points for reference. First, the preparation and route of vaccination BCG is divided into dead BCG and live BCG two. Dead BCG for human immune effect is poor, no longer used. Live BCG dosage form points, there are two types of liquid and freeze-dried formulations. Liquid BCG preparation process is relatively simple, but the validity period is short, rapid loss of viability of the vaccine. Lyophilized BCG has a production history of more than 30 years in foreign countries and China started production in 1956. Although the cost of lyophilized preparation is slightly higher, but the validity of 1 to 2 years, heat-resistant products, easy storage and transportation, more suitable for our situation. Points from the use of methods, BCG is divided into oral, scratch,