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预期改变个体疼痛体验的过程体现了大脑对疼痛信息加工的“自上而下”的调节。前人的研究发现预期不仅仅影响经典伤害性信息加工网络的活动,也引起认知加工相关脑区的激活。所以近年来研究者们开始关注预期如何调动多层次的心理过程实现对疼痛的调节。本文系统总结了预期调控疼痛涉及的认知神经机制,主要包括启动情绪过程、调控注意分配、改变动机状态以及反馈。另外,本文还简要分析了临床上预期如何参与慢性疼痛的形成与维持。最后,结合已有的研究提出了未来预期调节疼痛认知神经机制的研究方向。
It is expected that the process of changing an individual’s pain experience reflects a “top-down” adjustment of the brain’s processing of pain information. Previous studies have found that it is not expected to affect not only the activities of the classic nociceptive processing network but also the activation of cognitive processing-related brain regions. Therefore, in recent years, researchers began to pay attention to anticipating how to mobilize the multi-level psychological process to adjust the pain. This article systematically summarizes the cognitive neural mechanisms involved in the regulation and control of pain, including the initiation of emotional processes, the regulation of attention distribution, the alteration of motivation and feedback. In addition, this article also briefly analyzed how clinically expected to participate in the formation and maintenance of chronic pain. Finally, combined with the existing research, we propose the research direction for the future cognitive regulation mechanism of pain.