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目的了解毕节市重症手足口病的流行特征,为手足口病防治工作提供科学依据。方法应用描述流行病学的方法,对2009-2014年毕节市重症手足口病的流行特征进行分析。结果毕节市2009-2014年累计报告手足口病12 650例,其中重症589例,死亡26人,重症比例4.66%。全市8县(区)均有重症病例报告,但差异较大。全年均可能有重症病例发生,高峰期为4-7月。以散居儿童居多,占92.87%,3岁以下儿童占81.15%,男女发病比为2.1∶1。病原学检测结果,EV71型占62.66%、其他肠道病毒占27.68%、Cox A16型占9.40%。结论毕节市重症手足口病比例较高,死亡人数较多,应加强3岁以下儿童监护人的健康教育,加大基层医务人员业务技术培训,提高重症手足口病的识别诊断和医疗救治能力。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of severe hand-foot-mouth disease in Bijie City and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of severe HFMD in Bijie City from 2009 to 2014. Results A total of 12 650 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in 2009-2014 in Bijie City, 589 cases of which were severe and 26 died, with a severe proportion of 4.66%. The city’s 8 counties (districts) have severe case reports, but the difference is larger. Severe cases may occur throughout the year, the peak for the April-July. The majority of scattered children, accounting for 92.87%, children under 3 years accounted for 81.15%, male to female incidence ratio of 2.1: 1. The etiological test results showed that EV71 accounted for 62.66%, other enteroviruses accounted for 27.68% and Cox A16 accounted for 9.40%. Conclusion There is a high proportion of severe hand-foot-mouth disease in Bijie City, with a large death toll. Health education should be strengthened for guardians of children under 3 years of age, and technical and vocational training for grassroots medical staff should be stepped up to improve the diagnosis and medical treatment of severe hand-foot-mouth disease.