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在十九世纪末号称“日不落帝国”和“世界工厂”的英国,从第一次世界大战起开始衰落,它在资本主义世界的露主地位已逐步为美国所取代。第二次世界大战以后,英国许多殖民地纷纷独立,其经济实力进一步衰落,经济增长速度缓慢,“走走停停”。 “走走停停”固然是资本主义经济发展过程中常见的现象。但是,英国即使在“走”的时期,其经济发展也从未达到过象日本、西德那样的高速度;而在“停”的时期,则往往是英国最先陷入危机,最迟摆脱,其复苏过程要比其他主要资本主义国家拖得更长,而且更不稳定。
At the end of the nineteenth century, Britain, known as the “Empire of the Day” and “Factory of the World,” began to decline from the First World War. Its deposed leader in the capitalist world has gradually been replaced by the United States. After the Second World War, many colonies in Britain were independent. Their economic strength declined further and their economic growth was slow. They “stopped and stopped.” “Stop and go” is, of course, a common phenomenon in the capitalist economic development. However, even in the “walking” period, the United Kingdom has never achieved such economic growth as Japan and West Germany did. At the time of “stopping,” Britain was in the first place in a crisis, the latest one was exited, The recovery process lags longer and is more volatile than the other major capitalist countries.