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摘 要:目前,英语的重要性已经日益凸显,因此大学英语的教学也受到了越来越多人的关注。在英语听说读写译的各项能力中,学生比较弱的,往往就是语言的输出,而主要是口语和写作两项,它们之所以难的原因在于它受到了英汉思维模式差异的影响。因此,这种差异性对于英语的教学造成了重要的影响。本文主要分析英语和汉语的这种文化差异性,从而提高英语教学的质量。
关键词:英汉差异 口语 写作 英语教学
在英语教学的各项能力中,一直以来,都是将重心放在了输入的方面,而忽视口语和写作教学。但是,在日常生活和学生将来的工作中,实际运用能力,即口头的和书面的表达也日益重要。然而,大多数的情况下,学生说出来的英文和写出来的文章非常中式,有时甚至是完全不符合英文的表达方式,这主要是因为英汉思维存在很大的差异性,而这种差异性又影响着语言表达。所以,要提高大学语言输出的能力,大学教师们必须认真研究和探讨英汉思维模式的差异性。在实际的教学中,主要可以分为以下三类来探讨:
一、词语搭配
众所周知,英文是直线型的思维方式,也就是说,很注重形式上的逻辑关系,而中文是形象思维,更多的是靠意思进行连接。衡量英文写作水平的一个很重要的标记就是看能否合理正确地搭配词语,它是比较能体现英文地道性的一个分水岭。大家都知道,在英文中,它的词语的搭配和汉语是很不相同的,如果在英文写作的过程中,依然还是使用熟悉的汉语写作的套路和表达的话,写出来的东西就显得十分的生硬。例如:这个价格对我挺合适的。The price is very suitable for me.
The price is right.
Note:suitable(合適的、相配的)最常见的用法是以否定的形式出现在告示或通知上,如:下列节目儿童不宜。The following program is not suitable for children在这组句子中用后面的说法会更合适。
二、抽象性与具体性的语言表达模式
中文是比较抽象的表达,一般不对名词进行解释得很详细,但是,英文不一样。如:Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.). 这段落中,我们可以发现,第一句是主题句,而后面的内容都是在对第一句中的keep clear perspectives in life 进行解释,但是,中文当中很少出现需要解释这么具体的写法。另外,英文中,经常使用一些形容词和副词等虚词,甚至在翻译中可以发现,翻译方法里有很多都是将中文中的动词翻译成了英文的形容词或是副词,而中文是使用动词比较多,这些词语都有实在的意义。
三、整篇文章结构的影响
中文是从分到总的思维模式,也就是说,不开门见山,基本是读完全文或是全段,才能在靠后的位置发现或是体会出大意。但是,英文不一样,就全篇的文章结构来说,它属于总分总的结构。下面看一篇雅思写作的范文。
Given time, technology will completely replace the traditional teacher in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree?
Technology has been increasingly used throughout the world. This is very apparent in classrooms today. It is disagreed that technology will replace teachers in the classroom. This will be proven by analyzing how teachers can cater to the needs of the students as well as motivate and discipline them.
A very important aspect of teaching is the ability of the teacher to shape their teaching style to the needs of their students. As an example, ….. As a result, technology will not replace teachers.
Motivation and discipline are key to a student’s academic success in the classroom. ……... After analyzing this, it is clear that teachers will always be needed in the classroom.
Following the analysis of a teacher’s ability to cater to the students as well as their capability of guiding students towards success, it is clear that technology will never replace teachers in the classroom.
综上所述,我们的学生正是由于受到这样思维的差异性,才不同程度的在口语和写作中出现问题。因此,在英语教学的过程中,不仅要是单词和语法的教学,更重要的是让学生意识到思维方式的差别。
关键词:英汉差异 口语 写作 英语教学
在英语教学的各项能力中,一直以来,都是将重心放在了输入的方面,而忽视口语和写作教学。但是,在日常生活和学生将来的工作中,实际运用能力,即口头的和书面的表达也日益重要。然而,大多数的情况下,学生说出来的英文和写出来的文章非常中式,有时甚至是完全不符合英文的表达方式,这主要是因为英汉思维存在很大的差异性,而这种差异性又影响着语言表达。所以,要提高大学语言输出的能力,大学教师们必须认真研究和探讨英汉思维模式的差异性。在实际的教学中,主要可以分为以下三类来探讨:
一、词语搭配
众所周知,英文是直线型的思维方式,也就是说,很注重形式上的逻辑关系,而中文是形象思维,更多的是靠意思进行连接。衡量英文写作水平的一个很重要的标记就是看能否合理正确地搭配词语,它是比较能体现英文地道性的一个分水岭。大家都知道,在英文中,它的词语的搭配和汉语是很不相同的,如果在英文写作的过程中,依然还是使用熟悉的汉语写作的套路和表达的话,写出来的东西就显得十分的生硬。例如:这个价格对我挺合适的。The price is very suitable for me.
The price is right.
Note:suitable(合適的、相配的)最常见的用法是以否定的形式出现在告示或通知上,如:下列节目儿童不宜。The following program is not suitable for children在这组句子中用后面的说法会更合适。
二、抽象性与具体性的语言表达模式
中文是比较抽象的表达,一般不对名词进行解释得很详细,但是,英文不一样。如:Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.). 这段落中,我们可以发现,第一句是主题句,而后面的内容都是在对第一句中的keep clear perspectives in life 进行解释,但是,中文当中很少出现需要解释这么具体的写法。另外,英文中,经常使用一些形容词和副词等虚词,甚至在翻译中可以发现,翻译方法里有很多都是将中文中的动词翻译成了英文的形容词或是副词,而中文是使用动词比较多,这些词语都有实在的意义。
三、整篇文章结构的影响
中文是从分到总的思维模式,也就是说,不开门见山,基本是读完全文或是全段,才能在靠后的位置发现或是体会出大意。但是,英文不一样,就全篇的文章结构来说,它属于总分总的结构。下面看一篇雅思写作的范文。
Given time, technology will completely replace the traditional teacher in the classroom. Do you agree or disagree?
Technology has been increasingly used throughout the world. This is very apparent in classrooms today. It is disagreed that technology will replace teachers in the classroom. This will be proven by analyzing how teachers can cater to the needs of the students as well as motivate and discipline them.
A very important aspect of teaching is the ability of the teacher to shape their teaching style to the needs of their students. As an example, ….. As a result, technology will not replace teachers.
Motivation and discipline are key to a student’s academic success in the classroom. ……... After analyzing this, it is clear that teachers will always be needed in the classroom.
Following the analysis of a teacher’s ability to cater to the students as well as their capability of guiding students towards success, it is clear that technology will never replace teachers in the classroom.
综上所述,我们的学生正是由于受到这样思维的差异性,才不同程度的在口语和写作中出现问题。因此,在英语教学的过程中,不仅要是单词和语法的教学,更重要的是让学生意识到思维方式的差别。