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冠状动脉微循环由微小冠状动脉构成，调节冠状动脉血流阻力，维持心肌细胞正常功能，其结构或功能异常可引起临床疾病，称为冠状动脉微循环障碍。目前检测微循环的方式有多种，但尚无一种检测手段可使冠状动脉微循环直接可视化，多是通过评估冠状动脉循环阻力或心肌灌注间接评价微血管功能。该病在临床上有多种类型，包括无冠状动脉大血管狭窄的心脏 X 综合征、合并冠心病或心肌病的冠状动脉微循环障碍、冠状动脉介入术或冠状动脉旁路移植术后的无再流现象。根据其发病机制，治疗冠状动脉微循环障碍的药物主要通过抗血小板聚集、解痉、改善内皮细胞功能等措施改善微循环功能不全。“,”Coronary microcirculation, which is composed of coronary microvascular , can regulate the blood flow re-sistance and maintain the normal function of myocardial cells .Its structural or functional abnormalities may lead to clinical dis -ease, which is called coronary microvascular dysfunction .There are many methods to detect it , none of which can directly vis -ualize the coronary microcirculation, mostly indirectly evaluating microvascular function through assessing coronary circulation resistance or myocardial perfusion.It has multiple clinical phenotypes , including Cardiac Syndrome X without stenosis of epi -cardial coronary artery, microvascular dysfunction associated with coronary heart disease of cardiomyopathy , no reflow phenom-enon after percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting .According to its pathogenesis, the treatment may aim at anti-platelet, spasmolysis, ameliorating the endothelial cell function etc , to improve the microcirculation function.