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鲤鱼是我国主要的淡水养殖对象之一,分布相当广泛的鱼类.由于长期自然选择和人工选择的结果,使鲤鱼具有表型上的多样性,生化遗传上的多态性及群体结构上的杂合性.它既为鱼类杂交优势利用和品种选育提供了丰富的原始材料,也为稳定性品种的选育带来了很大的困难.我国著名的鱼类遗传育种专家张建森、孙小异等,面对困难,刻苦攻关,遵循遗传学原理,从鱼类(鲤鱼)的实际情况出发,总结出一套把多种育种方法加以创新并结合在一起的国内外首创的综合育种新技术.应用到实践中,先后研究成功了杂交种的荷元鲤、品系间杂交的荷元鲤F_4,以及遗传性状稳定的品种的——建鲤.在建鲤研究过程中,他们亲自抓中试推广,接受生产实践的检验,不断调整和改进研究的方向和技术措施,取得了很好的效果.近几年来,建鲤每年都在26个省、市、自治区内推广,鱼种数已达4亿尾以上,据不完全统计推广面积在100万亩以上,仅江苏省饲养面积就超过10万亩,产生了突出的经济效益和社会效益.建鲤先后被列为农业部和国家科委“八五”重点科技成果推广项目,参加了国家“七五”科技攻关成果展览会以及在日本东京举办的中国科学技术新技术新成果展览会、亚洲水产养殖遗传研究网第五次会议、亚洲水产学会第三次学术讨论会、第五次国际水产养殖遗传学研究
Carp is one of the main freshwater aquaculture objects in our country, and its distribution is quite extensive.As a result of long-term natural selection and artificial selection, carp has phenotypic diversity, biochemical genetic polymorphism and population structure Heterozygosity.It not only provides rich raw materials for the advantages of fish hybridization and breeding, but also brings great difficulties for the breeding of stable varieties.China’s famous fish genetic breeding experts Zhang, Sun Small differences, etc. In the face of difficulties, assiduously tackling key problems and following the principles of genetics, starting from the actual situation of fish (carp), this paper summarizes a series of new comprehensive breeding programs both at home and abroad that innovate and combine various breeding methods Technology.It has been applied in practice to study the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) which has succeeded in hybrid breeding, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) which hybridizes among the lines, and the carp (Jian carp) which has a stable genetic trait.In the process of Jian carp research, Try to promote, accept the test of production practice, continue to adjust and improve the research direction and technical measures, and achieved good results in recent years, Jian carp every year in 26 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions to promote the number of species Up to 4 Billion tail, according to incomplete statistics to promote the area of more than 100 acres, only Jiangsu Province, raising area of more than 10 acres, had a prominent economic and social benefits.Jian carp has been listed as the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Science and Technology Commission “ Eighth Five-Year Plan ”key scientific and technological achievements promotion project, participated in the national“ Seventh Five-Year ”scientific and technological achievements exhibition and held in Tokyo, Japan science and technology new technologies and new exhibitions, Asian aquaculture genetic research network fifth meeting, Asian aquaculture Learn the Third Symposium, Fifth International Aquaculture Genetics Research