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目的研究不同民族大学生牙颌畸形的情况,为牙颌畸型防控策略的制定提供理论依据。方法采用世界卫生组织口腔调查基本方法调查西北民族大学回族、藏族、蒙古族、维吾尔族及汉族学生共3 019人的牙科审美指数(dental aesthetic index,DAI),包括切牙区拥挤,切牙区间隙,最大上颌前牙不齐,最大下颌前牙不齐,上颌前牙覆盖(超出),下颌前牙覆盖(超出),前牙垂直开颌,前后磨牙关系。结果不同民族大学生牙颌畸形中,切牙拥挤、上颌前牙和下颌前牙最大不规则3项指标检出率中,维吾尔族为35.84%,30.82%和34.41%,明显低于其他3个少数民族和汉族。其余5项指标的检出率在各民族中普遍较高,民族间差异无统计学意义。结论西北少数民族与汉族大学生牙颌畸形发病率均较高,应积极采取预防和干预措施。
Objective To study the dento-mandibular deformities among college students of different nationalities and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control strategies of dento-maxillofacial disorders. Methods A total of 3 019 dental aesthetic indices (DAI) of 3 019 Hui, Tibetan, Mongolian, Uighur and Han students from Northwest University for Nationalities were investigated using World Health Organization oral questionnaire. The dental aesthetic index (DAI) Gaps, maximal maxillary anterior teeth missing, maximal mandibular anterior teeth missing, maxillary anterior teeth covered (exceeded), mandibular anterior teeth covered (beyond), anterior teeth vertical jaw opening, molar relationship before and after. Results Among the students of different nationalities, there were 35.84%, 30.82% and 34.41% of the Uygurs, respectively, in the prevalence of crowding, maximum anomalies of anterior teeth and mandibular anterior teeth in maxillofacial students, which were significantly lower than those of the other three minorities Ethnic and Han. The other five indicators of the detection rate in all ethnic groups generally higher, no significant difference between the ethnic groups. Conclusions The prevalence of dental malformation in both Northwest Minority and Han nationality college students is relatively high. Prevention and intervention should be actively taken.