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深入地研究杂交水稻的遗传问题,掌握其性状的遗传规律和控制性状的遗传机理,对于杂交水稻的育种工作有重要的指导意义。本试验对杂交水稻结实率的遗传机制,不育细胞质和可育细质对杂种优势的遗传效应、控制性状的基因数目的探讨和杂种二代性状分离等问题进行了研究。试验结果是,杂交水稻的结实率受其亲本的结实率影响,结实率与花粉的可育率有密切的关系,不育细胞质和可育细胞质对杂种一代优势的遗传效应差异不显著,茎秆颜色是受一对基因控制,育性是受两对基因控制,株高是受三对基因控制,杂种二代性状分离较大,出现超亲遗传。
Studying the genetic problems of hybrid rice in depth, grasping the genetic rules of its traits and the genetic mechanism controlling traits have important guiding significance for the breeding of hybrid rice. In this study, the genetic mechanism of seed setting rate of hybrid rice, the genetic effect of sterile cytoplasm and fertile fine quality on heterosis, the number of genes controlling traits and the segregation of hybrid second-generation traits were studied. The results showed that the seed setting rate of hybrid rice was affected by the seed setting rate of the parents, and the seed setting rate was closely related to the fertility rate of pollen. The genetic effects of sterile cytoplasm and fertile cytoplasm on heterosis were not significant, The color is controlled by a pair of genes. Fertility is controlled by two pairs of genes. The plant height is controlled by three pairs of genes. The second generation of hybrids segregates more and has super-progeny inheritance.