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目的 探讨毛细支气管炎应用低分子肝素钙(LMWH-Ca)联合重组人干扰素α-1b (rhIFN-α1b)雾化治疗的临床效果.方法 选取2013年1月-2015年12月达州市中西医结合医院收治的248例毛细支气管炎患儿,依据数字随机表法均分为对照组1、对照组2、对照组3及治疗组四组.各组均在相同常规综合治疗基础上分别给予LMWH-Ca雾化吸入、rhIFN-α1b雾化吸入、等量生理盐水雾化吸入及LMWH-Ca联合rhIFN-α1b雾化吸入.比较各组气喘、咳嗽及肺啰音持续时间,治疗前后动脉血气指标二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)、氧分压(PaO2)及血氧饱和度(SpO2)水平,临床疗效,治疗前后CD4+/CD8+及血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平,用药期间不良反应.结果 各组间气喘、咳嗽及肺啰音持续时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且治疗组临床症状与体征持续时间均显著短于其他各组(P＜0.01);各组治疗后PaCO2、PaO2及SpO2水平与治疗前比较均显著改善(P＜0.01);且治疗组改善程度均更为显著(P＜0.01);各组间总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且以治疗组最高;各组治疗后CD4+/CD8+及血清IL-4水平均显著优于治疗前(P＜0.01),且治疗组较其他各组相比,改善幅度均更为显著(P＜0.01).结论 毛细支气管炎采用LMWH-Ca联合rhIFN-α1b雾化治疗能迅速改善患儿症状,疗效显著,安全性高,具有临床参考价值.“,”Objective To explore the curative effect of low-molecular-weight heparin calcium (LMWH-Ca) combined with recombinant human interferon α-1 b (rhIFN-α1 b) atomization inhalation in treatment of children with capillary bronchitis.Methods A total of 248 children with capillary bronchitis treated in the hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were selected and divided into control one group,control two group,control three group,and treatment group according to random number table.The children in the four groups were treated by LMWH-Ca atomization inhalation,rhIFN-α1b atomization inhalation,the same-dose normal saline atomization inhalation,LM-WH-Ca combined with rhIFN-α1 b atomization inhalation based on the same routine comprehensive treatment,respectively.The duration time of asthma,cough and pulmonary rales,carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2),oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) before and after treatment,clinical efficacy,CD4+/CD8+ ratio and serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels before and after treatment,adverse reactions during the treatment were compared among the four groups.Results There was statistically significant difference in the duration time of asthma,cough and pulmonary rales among the four groups (P＜0.01);the duration time of clinical symptoms and signs in treatment group was statistically significantly shorter than that in the other three groups (P＜0.01).After treatment,PaCO2,PaO2,and SpO2 in the four groups were improved significantly compared with before treatment (P＜0.01),especially in treatment group (P＜0.01).There was statistically significant difference in the total effective rate among the four groups (P＜0.05),especially in treatment group.After treatment,CD4+/CD8+ ratio and serum IL-4 level in the four groups were statistically significantly better than those before treatment (P＜0.01),especially in treatment group (P＜0.01).Conclusion LMWH-Ca combined with rhIFN-α1 b atomization inhalation in treatment of children with capillary bronchitis can rapidly improve clinical symptoms with significant curative effect and high safety,which has a certain clinical reference value.