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目的分析急性呼吸道感染症疫情暴发原因及传播因素,探讨流行因素,提出预防控制措施建议,为疫情控制提供科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,对公司的每一个病例进行问卷调查。对发病3 d内的现症患者采集咽拭子标本,采用血平板分离培养及RT-PCR方法检测核酸。对现症患者进行隔离治疗,对密切接触者进行7 d的隔离医学观察。结果暴发疫情历时4 d,共发生病例56例,发病高峰集中在2013年8月4日,占发病人数的64.29%。疫情波及11个班部,22~24岁发病占64.29%。临床特点为发热、咽痛和扁桃体肿大。采集56份现症患者咽拭子标本,其中13份A群β型溶血性链球菌核酸检出阳性。结论此宗暴发疫情为A群β型溶血性链球菌引起的急性扁桃体炎。室内通风不良,空气污染,接触密切是引起暴发的主要原因。隔离治疗患者,对密切接触者进行隔离和医学观察,加强室内通风换气和消毒,搞好环境卫生,开展健康教育是控制疫情的有效措施。
Objective To analyze the causes of outbreaks and transmission factors of acute respiratory infections (SARS) outbreaks, discuss the epidemic factors, propose preventive and control measures and provide scientific basis for the control of the epidemic. Methods The on-site epidemiological survey method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on every case of the company. Throat swab samples were collected from patients with the disease within 3 days of onset, and nucleic acids were detected by using blood plate culture and RT-PCR. Isolation of patients with existing disease treatment, close contact with 7 d isolated medical observation. Results Outbreaks lasted 4 days, a total of 56 cases, the peak incidence on August 4, 2013, accounting for 64.29% of the number of patients. The epidemic affected 11 classes, accounting for 64.29% of all cases. Clinical features of fever, sore throat and tonsil enlargement. Thirty-six throat swab specimens were collected, of which 13 were positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Conclusions This outbreak is A group of β-hemolytic streptococcus-induced acute tonsillitis. Poor indoor ventilation, air pollution, close contact is the main cause of the outbreak. Isolation and treatment of patients, isolation and medical observation of close contacts to enhance indoor ventilation and disinfection, improve environmental health, to carry out health education is an effective measure to control the outbreak.