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在保守派与激进派的观点之间,在其理论继承者即现代功能主义者与冲突论者之间,存在着一种根本对立。在保守派传统中,人类社会一再被比作生物有机体。就象有机体一样,人类社会(1)也是由一些专门的和相互依存的部分所构成的体系,(2)在正常情况下,整体比不断更替的各部分有更长的寿命,(3)整体有这样一些需要,即如果整体要想生存和繁盛,就必须满足这些需要;而通过其专门的活动来满足这些需要,正是各部分的功能。简而言之,就象有机体一样,社
Between conservatives and radicals, there is a fundamental contradiction between their theoretical successors, modern functionalists and conflictists. In the conservative tradition, human beings are repeatedly compared to biological organisms. Like an organism, human society (1) is also a system of specialized and interdependent parts, (2) under normal circumstances, the whole has a longer lifespan than parts that are constantly changing, and (3) the whole There is a need that if the whole wants to survive and prosper, those needs must be met; and fulfilling these needs through its specialized activities is precisely the function of the various parts. In short, like an organism, society