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电偶极子依靠两个等量异号电荷的加速运动实现电磁场辐射,同样地,时变点电荷微元可以依靠单个电荷的加速运动产生电磁场。基于这种电磁场理论实质,本文开展了点电荷微元与偶极子源的时域电磁场响应对比研究。首先,给出三维导电空间点源的时间域位函数;然后,利用辅助位函数与电场、磁场响应之间的关系,给出均匀无耗全空间的点电荷载流微元时间域电场、磁场的表达式。并从阶跃关断时刻、近源区场、远源区场等方面对比分析全空间中两种源的异同。研究结果表明:在近源区,两种源产生的场差别较大;在远源区,两种源产生的场几乎相同。通过实际观测的数据和使用电偶极子源公式对简化模型计算结果的对比,认为点电荷微元场的空间分布更符合实际场源产生的电场、磁场分布特征。
The electric dipole relies on the accelerating motion of two equal-sign charges to achieve electromagnetic field radiation. Similarly, the time-varying charged micro-elements can generate electromagnetic fields by accelerating the movement of a single charge. Based on the essence of this theory of electromagnetic field, a comparative study on the response of time-domain electromagnetic fields of point charge micro-elements and dipole sources is carried out. Firstly, the time-domain function of point source in 3D conductive space is given. Then, by using the relationship between the auxiliary position function and electric field and magnetic field response, Expression. The similarities and differences between the two kinds of sources in full space are compared and analyzed from the step-off moment, near-source region and far-source region. The results show that in the near source region, the differences of the fields produced by the two sources are larger, and in the far source region, the fields produced by the two sources are almost the same. Comparing the results of simplified model with the actual observed data and using the electric dipole source formula, it is considered that the spatial distribution of the point-charge micro-field is more in line with the electric field and magnetic field distribution characteristics produced by the actual field source.