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一种避孕法怎样才算安全的呢?科学家们是依照可测定的参数来确定安全性的。例如,他们在评估某一药物的毒性时,首先在动物中进行,然后在少数量的自愿受试者中分组进行仔细的对照试验。进一步研究评估对动物的长期毒性,包括致癌的风险和后代的影响。然后在较大组别的自愿受试者中进行6～12个月的临床试验,进一步评估药物的安全性和可接受性。当药物或器具供应市场以后,继续进行不限期的安全性监视
How does a contraceptive method be safe? Scientists determine the safety according to measurable parameters. For example, when assessing the toxicity of a drug, they are first conducted in animals and then subgroups are carefully controlled in a small number of volunteer subjects. Further studies assess the long-term toxicity to animals, including the risk of carcinogenesis and the effects of future generations. The 6- to 12-month clinical trial is then conducted in a larger group of volunteer subjects to further assess the safety and acceptability of the drug. After the drug or appliance supply market, continue to conduct an unregulated safety surveillance