论文部分内容阅读
目的掌握蓬莱市肾综合征出血热(以下简写HFRS)流行特征和发病趋势,指导防治工作。方法对1993～2008年的监测资料进行分析。结果1993～2008年,蓬莱市出血热疫区由小到大,由北向南不断蔓延,年发病率波动在0.20/10万～15.43/10万,年平均发病率为3.99/10万,年平均死亡率为0.066/10万,病死率1.66%。1999年出现流行高峰,发病率为15.43/10万,死亡率为0.411/10万。1997年发病率为4.09/10万,死亡率和病死率达到最高峰,分别是0.819/10万、20%。2000年以后发病率持续在7.5/10万以下。HFRS病例数从11月份开始升高,转年4月份达到高峰,呈现明显的冬春季节,3月～5月病例数134例,占病例总数的44.52%。病例分布于全市所有的12个乡镇街道271个行政村,占全市行政村总数的46.40%;男女性别比为2.67:1;病例数前三名分别是农民、工人、学生,占病例总数的95.35%。年龄最小为14岁,最大81岁,20岁～55岁的青壮年病例为主,占病例总数的75.42%。经过宣传防疫知识,开展灭鼠活动,1999年全市对高危人群推广接种5万余人份的流行性出血热疫苗,2004年全市HFRS发病率持续在4/10万以下。结论开展鼠密度监测,加强灭鼠运动,进一步对重点人群进行流行性出血热疫苗接种等综合措施是控制HFRS的关键。
Objective To understand the epidemiological features and incidence trends of renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever (hereinafter referred to as HFRS) in Penglai and to guide the prevention and treatment work. Methods The monitoring data from 1993 to 2008 were analyzed. Results From 1993 to 2008, Penglai City epidemic of hemorrhagic fever from small to large, from north to south continue to spread, the annual incidence of fluctuations in the 0.20 / 100,000 to 15.43 / 100,000, the annual average incidence was 3.99 / 100,000, the annual average The death rate was 0.066 / 100,000 and the case fatality rate was 1.66%. The epidemic peak occurred in 1999 with a prevalence of 15.43 / 100,000 and a death rate of 0.411 / 100,000. The incidence was 4.09 / 100,000 in 1997, with the highest mortality and mortality rates of 0.819 / 100,000 and 20% respectively. After 2000, the incidence rate continued below 7.5 / 100000. The number of cases of HFRS increased from November and reached its peak in April of next year, showing obvious winter and spring seasons. There were 134 cases in March-May, accounting for 44.52% of the total cases. The cases were distributed in 271 administrative villages in 12 townships and towns in the whole city, accounting for 46.40% of the total administrative villages in the city. The sex ratio of men and women was 2.67: 1. The top three cases were peasants, workers and students respectively, accounting for 95.35 %. The youngest is 14 years old, the largest is 81 years old, 20 years old to 55 years old are the young cases, accounting for 75.42% of the total cases. After propaganda epidemic prevention knowledge, to carry out anti-rat activities, the city in 1999 to promote the vaccination of high-risk groups more than 50,000 copies of epidemic hemorrhagic fever vaccine, the city’s HFRS incidence in 2004 continued below 4/100000. Conclusions The key to control HFRS is to carry out the monitoring of rat density, strengthen the anti-rodent campaign, and further comprehensive measures such as vaccination of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in key populations.