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因病原微生物侵染导致的植物病害对农作物的产量和质量造成了巨大损失,也对我国的粮食安全构成重大威胁。化学农药能够较有效地控制农作物病害,但其大量施用也给环境带来了巨大污染。植物和病原微生物在漫长的相互作用过程中形成了互相识别、共同进化的机制。深刻理解农作物与病原微生物间的识别与互作分子机制,可以加快农作物抗性品种分子育种,从而减少化学农药的施用。近十多年来,植物免疫识别和病原微生物致病性的分子机理研究取得了显著进展,并逐渐形成了植物与病原微生物分子互作的进化模型,这些成果为农作物的抗病性研究和病原微生物的致病功能解析奠定了基础,也为利用现代生物技术改良植物抗病性提供了新的策略和思路。文章综述了植物先天免疫研究的重要进展,并探讨了未来的重要研究方向。
Plant diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms have caused huge losses in the yield and quality of crops and pose a significant threat to our food security. Chemical pesticides can control crop diseases more effectively, but their heavy application also brings huge pollution to the environment. Plants and pathogenic microorganisms in the long process of interaction formed mutual recognition, co-evolutionary mechanism. A deep understanding of molecular mechanisms of recognition and interaction between crops and pathogenic microorganisms can speed up molecular breeding of crop resistant varieties and thus reduce the application of chemical pesticides. In recent ten years, the molecular mechanism of plant immunity recognition and pathogenic microorganism has made remarkable progress, and gradually evolved the evolutionary model of interaction between plant and pathogenic microorganisms. These achievements are the study of disease resistance of crops and pathogens Microbial pathogenic function analysis laid the foundation for the use of modern biotechnology to improve plant disease resistance provides a new strategy and ideas. The article reviewed the important progress of plant innate immunity and discussed the important research directions in the future.