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杏树早春寒害的预防张跃武，王志明，曹学国，张彤（河南职业技术师范学院４５３６００）早春寒害是造成我国北方杏树减产或绝收的重要因素之一。１９８１年河南灵宝县沿陇海铁路两侧的大面积杏园因花期遭受风、雪侵袭，花器受冻而绝收。１９８６年开封县刘店乡也因早春寒害而使杏果严重减产。因此，要保证杏树的产量与增收。为使杏树稳产，必须对早春寒害进行预防。杏树在花期遇－２至－３℃低温，花器就会受冻，尤其雌蕊耐寒力更低，轻微霜冻即可受害。花蕾期遇－１．１℃，尚未脱萼的幼果遇－０．６℃或Ｏ℃以下低温也会受冻伤。要想减轻和防止春季恶劣天气对杏花或幼果的危害，除要对杏园加强综合管理，增强树势，提高其抗逆性外．还必须想办法改善杏园的小气候。为此，提出以下几项措施：１选择小气候好的地方建园在山区要选择背风向阳（或半阳坡）的斜坡或山顶（坡度最好在２０度以下，以免水土流失严重）建园，不要在盆地、凹地、密闭的槽形谷地建园。因这些地方容易集结冷空气而发生霜害。２建立防护林改善小气候建立防护林可以改善杏园的小气候和生态环境。一般在防护林保护范围内可降低风速３９％～４８％，气温可提高０．７～３．５℃。此外，防护林还可防风固沙、保持水土。据１９８６年调
Apricot Preventing Chill in Early Spring ZHANG Yue-wu, WANG Zhi-ming, CAO Xue-guo, ZHANG Tong (Henan Polytechnic Normal University, Nanchong 453600, China) Early spring chilling damage is one of the important factors that cause the production of almond trees in northern China. In 1981, Lingbao County, Henan Province along the Longhai Railway on both sides of the large area of apricot due to flowering suffered wind and snow invasion, flowers and cold frozen. 1986 Liu County, Kaifeng County, also due to early spring cold apricot serious production cuts. Therefore, to ensure the production and income of apricot trees. In order to make apricot stable, we must prevent early spring chills. Apricot trees in the flowering period of -2 to -3 ℃ low temperature, flowers will be cold, especially the pistil cold resistance is lower, a slight frost can suffer. Buds in the event of -1.1 ℃, young callus has not yet calyx -0.6 ℃ or below O ℃ low temperature will also be frostbite. In order to reduce and prevent the bad weather in spring against apricot or young fruit harm, in addition to the apricot garden to strengthen integrated management, enhance the tree vigor and improve its resistance. There must also be ways to improve the microclimate of the apricot grove. To this end, the following measures are proposed: 1 to choose a good place for the establishment of microclimate in the mountains to choose lee sunny (or semi-sunny slope) or the top of the hill (the best slope of 20 degrees or less, so serious soil erosion) to build gardens, Do not build a garden in a basin, hollow, enclosed trough valley. Frost damage occurs because cold air tends to build in these places. 2 to establish shelterbelt to improve the microclimate Establishment of shelterbelts can improve the apricot park microclimate and ecological environment. Generally in the protection of shelterbelts can reduce the wind speed 39% to 48%, the temperature can be increased 0.7 ~ 3.5 ℃. In addition, the shelter can also wind sand, maintain soil and water. According to 1986 tune