【摘 要】
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Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most malignant cancers and is characterized by infiltration of bone marrow by plasma cells,secretion of monoclonal immunoglo
【机 构】
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Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Sh
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Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most malignant cancers and is characterized by infiltration of bone marrow by plasma cells,secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulins and osteolytic lesions,and its incidence is increasing in the middle-aged and elderly patients [1].As MM cells are heterogeneous and drug resistant,initial MM usually progresses to the relapsed/refractory stage.Although existing therapies such as thalidomide,bortezomib,and lenalidomide can prolong the survival of MM patients,MM is still regarded as incurable.Therefore,it is necessary to establish new effective therapies to treat relapsed/refractory MM.
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