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在当今世界历史或全球化的大背景下,大西洋的历史再一次受到人们的关注。与此同时,历史编纂已开始向社会史和新型文化史扩展。然而同过去一样,现有论述大西洋历史的著作大都局限于北大西洋,大西洋交流仅仅被看作是西欧与美国之间的交流。实际上,大西洋交流的500多年是充满差异和冲突的过程,其结果也是十分复杂甚至相互矛盾的。要对这一历史作出合理解释必须使用能辨别细微差别的方法。具体说来,从北到南可以区别出英国的、西班牙的和葡萄牙的大西洋。通过物产和人员交流,也通过种植园经济和奴隶贸易,大西洋南北和东西两岸各国、各地区的政治、经济、社会和文化发展受到了巨大影响。时至今日,美国虽然在政治、经济方面居统治地位,但是它的文化大国要求却始终得不到彻底贯彻。尤其是在拉丁美洲,法国文化的领导地位早已被普遍接受。拉丁美洲人对法国文化的接受不是完全被动的,而是典型的相互作用的结果。
In the context of today’s world history or globalization, the history of the Atlantic has once again drawn the attention of the people. At the same time, historical compilation has begun to expand to social history and new cultural history. However, as in the past, most of the existing writings on the history of the Atlantic are confined to the North Atlantic. The exchange of the Atlantic is merely seen as an exchange between Western Europe and the United States. In fact, the more than 500 years of Atlantic exchange are a process of difference and conflict. The result is very complicated and even contradictory. A reasonable explanation of this history requires the use of methods that distinguish nuances. Specifically, British, Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic can be distinguished from north to south. The political, economic, social and cultural development of all regions, both North-South, East and West, across the Atlantic, through the exchange of property and personnel, and also through the plantation economy and the slave trade, has been greatly affected. Although the United States has the political and economic dominance up to now, its demands of a great cultural country have never been fully implemented. Especially in Latin America, the leading position of French culture has long been generally accepted. Latin American acceptance of French culture is not completely passive, but a result of typical interactions.