制定竞技游泳运动多年训练计划的科学基础

• 作 者: 索洛马京 迟爱光
• 出 处: 游泳季刊
• 发表日期: 2011年03期
• 关键词: 竞技游泳 多年训练计划 游泳运动员 最佳成绩 训练过程 青少年运动员 选材 训练阶段 训练方式 游泳项目

在竞技游泳运动中,只有在运动员身体处于生物学完全成熟的年龄段,才能表现出他一生中的最好成绩。成年游泳运动员比赛的成败,在相当大程度上取决于选材方法,取决于多年训练方式,还取决于在多年训练各阶段选择的训练手段、方法是否合理,数量是否合适。青少年运动员多年训练的目的是使各项身体素质和机能能力的提高过程处于最佳状态,并使各项运动能力在获得最佳成绩的年龄段达到最高水平。因机体生长、发育生物规律性的特点,决定了多年训练过程应分多个阶段,每一阶段都应有各自的任务。

In competitive swimming, the athlete’s body is at the age of complete maturity of biology to show the best of his life. The success or failure of an adult swimmer competition depends to a large extent on the material selection method, on the basis of years of training, on the choice of training methods at various stages of training, whether the method is reasonable and the quantity appropriate. The purpose of many years of training for young athletes is to maximize the improvement of physical fitness and functional ability and maximize the ability of athletes to reach their best grades. Due to the characteristics of organism growth and development of biological regularity, it is decided that the training process for many years should be divided into several stages and each stage should have its own task.