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[目的]探讨新辅助放化疗在Ⅲ期食管癌序贯治疗中的应用价值.[方法]100例Ⅲ期食管癌患者按治疗方式分为单纯根治性化疗组(对照组,n=42),新辅助化疗序贯治疗组(观察组),对照组进行同步放疗,观察组完成2个周期化疗后开始放疗.比较两组肿瘤控制情况、治疗效果、安全性及患者生存质量.[结果]①观察近期总缓解率、随访1~3年肿瘤控制率、随访生存率与对照组相比差异均无显著性(P>0.05).②观察组Ⅰ~Ⅳ级胃肠道反应,Ⅰ~Ⅱ级放射性食管炎发生率均低于对照组(P0.05),治疗后不同时间两组生活质量评分均上升(P<0.05),观察组随访1年、2年生活质量评分均高于对照组(P0.05);Ⅰ~Ⅳ gastrointestinal reaction and the incidence of radiation esophagitis atⅠ~Ⅱgrade of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P0.05).The quality of life scores of the two groups were increased at different times (P<0.05), the quality of life scores of 1~2 year-followed-up were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).[Conclusion]The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy sequential treatment and concurrent radiotherapy /chemotherapy is similar in the treatment of patients with esophageal cancer , but neoadjuvant sequential chemoradiotherapy regimen is safe and can improve the long-term quality of life.