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目的:确定在尼日利亚阿巴卡利基地区两个三级医院就诊的先天性眼及附属器疾病的类型和发病率。方法:回顾分析2001-05/2008-04就诊于两个三级医院眼科的1岁及1岁以下的先天性眼病患者的病历记录,用简单的统计方法分析年龄、性别、病种、发病率、眼部及全身的相关疾病等信息。结果:研究共记录有199例眼病患儿。其中先天性眼病的50例(25.1%)。包括男27例(54%),女23例(46%)。患儿<6个月龄的占2/3(64%)。最常见的疾病为鼻泪管阻塞10例(20%),先天性上睑下垂10例(14%)皮样囊肿5例(10%),牛眼4例(8%),以及先天性白内障3例(6%)。这些都可能导致可避免的儿童盲。少见的疾病包括白化病1例(2%),无眼畸形1例(2%),视网膜母细胞瘤2例(4%)和视神经萎缩2例(4%)。这些是不可逆的导致失明和视力低下的原因。结论:尽管先天性眼病不常见,但是这些疾病是潜在的儿童致盲原因。
Purpose: To determine the types and incidence of congenital ocular and adnexal diseases at two tertiary tertiary care hospitals in the Abacaliki region of Nigeria. Methods: The records of patients with congenital ophthalmopathy under the age of 1 and under 1 who visited the ophthalmology department of two tertiary hospitals from May 2001 to April 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The age, sex, disease type and incidence were analyzed by simple statistical methods , Eye and body related diseases and other information. Results: A total of 199 cases of children with eye diseases were recorded. One of 50 cases of congenital eye disease (25.1%). Including 27 males (54%) and 23 females (46%). Children <6 months of age accounted for 2/3 (64%). The most common diseases were nasolacrimal duct obstruction in 10 cases (20%), congenital blepharoptosis in 10 cases (14%), dermoid cysts in 5 cases (10%), bovine eyes in 4 cases (8%), and congenital cataracts 3 cases (6%). These can all lead to avoidable childhood blindness. Rare diseases include 1 case of albinism (2%), 1 case of no eye malformations (2%), 2 cases of retinoblastoma (4%) and 2 cases of optic atrophy (4%). These are the causes of blindness and poor eyesight that are irreversible. Conclusion: Although congenital ocular diseases are uncommon, these diseases are the underlying cause of childhood blindness.