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儿童肥胖症是多种因素造成的全身脂肪过度积聚的一种能量代谢障碍性疾病,并且现已证实儿童肥胖是免疫系统、心血管系统、内分泌系统疾病的危险因素.成纤维细胞生长因子21(fibroblast growth factor 21,FGF21)能降低血糖、胰高血糖素、甘油三酯,改善胰岛细胞功能.鉴于这些功能,FGF21有望成为治疗糖尿病、儿童肥胖症以及代谢综合征的药物.然而,FGF21对糖脂代谢的调控及具体机制还未完全阐明.外源性的FGF21在循环中的半衰期短,药理剂量的FGF21对机体是否有不良反应仍不清楚,这些问题使长期FGF21给药的安全性和可行性受到挑战,因此,该文就FGF21的结构与功能以及其与儿童肥胖症的关系作一综述,为儿童肥胖症的治疗提供新的视点.“,”Childhood obesity is an energy-metabolic disorder in which excessive accumulation of systemic fat is caused by various factors,and it has been confirmed that childhood obesity increases the risk factors of diseases such as immune system,cardiovascular system and endocrine system.Studies have confirmed that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) can reduce blood glucose,glucagon,triglyceride and improve islet cell function,which makes FGF21 a promising drug in the treatment of diabetes,childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome.However,the underlying mechanisms of FGF21 have not been fully elucidated.The half-life of exogenous FGF21 in the circulation is short and it is still unclear whether the pharmacological dose of FGF21 has side effects on the body.These problems showed that the safety and feasibility of long-term FGF21 therapy are challenging,so in this paper,the structure and function of FGF21 and its relationship with childhood obesity are reviewed,in order to provide a new perspective for the treatment of childhood obesity.