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研究影响小麦产量的气象因子及气象指标是农业气象产量预测和评估的基础。本文根据1999—2007年松江区小麦田间定点考查资料及同期气象资料,应用相关分析方法得到的结果表明:小麦出苗分蘖期(上年度12月上中旬)日照时数≥65 h或降水量≤35 mm,则当年小麦有效穗数多,反之,有效穗数少;幼穗分化阶段(2月上旬至3月上旬)日照时数≥160 h或者降水量≤70 mm,即光照丰富降水较少能促使幼穗充分发育形成较多穗粒数;4月份较高的气温有利于小麦开花、授粉、结实,月平均最低气温≥13℃或者最高气温≥21℃时,空瘪率较低。千粒重与灌浆盛期降水量和日照时数关系密切,5月上中旬日照时数≥100 h或者降水量≤80 mm,有利于灌浆,千粒重高。
Studying the meteorological factors and meteorological indexes that influence the wheat yield are the basis of agricultural meteorological yield prediction and assessment. According to the data from the fixed point and the meteorological data in the wheat field of Songjiang District from 1999 to 2007, the results obtained from the correlation analysis showed that: when the sunshine duration (≥65 h) or the precipitation mm, the number of effective spikelets in wheat in that year was large, whereas the effective spikelets were few. In young spike stages (early February to early March), the number of sunshine hours was ≥160 h or the precipitation was less than or equal to 70 mm, Which led to the full development of young panicle to form more grains per spike. In April, the higher temperature was conducive to the flowering, pollination and fruiting of wheat. When the monthly average minimum temperature was ≥13 ℃ or the maximum temperature was ≥21 ℃, the emptying rate was low. The 1000-grain weight is closely related to the precipitation and the sunshine duration in the filling stage. The sunshine duration ≥100 h or the precipitation ≤80 mm in the middle of May is conducive to the grouting and 1000-grain weight.