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近三十年来各工业发达国家发现尿路肿瘤显著增多。在德意志联邦共和国,膀胱癌大概占男性恶性肿瘤患者的5％,占女性恶肿瘤患者的2％,因此对膀胱癌应多加注意。早期膀胱瘤的症状很轻,甚至完全缺如,其主要症状与大多数泌尿系统肿瘤的一样为血尿。80％以上的膀胱肿瘤患者的第一个症状是血尿,约15％的病人有尿频,尿痛、尿急。近50％的血尿病人从出现血尿到确诊常历时6个月以上。一年内不只是个别次数的显微血尿问题,而是血尿后小便又立即清晰,对此需及时作出判断。尿的细胞学定期检查是早期诊断尿路肿瘤的可靠方法。在疑及膀胱肿瘤时,进行诊断的目的不但对所考虑的肿瘤要作出诊断、就是对肿瘤的大小、位置、及其周围的浸润时期和恶性级度也要作出判断。最重要的诊断措
Nearly three decades of industrialized countries found that urinary tract tumors increased significantly. In the Federal Republic of Germany, bladder cancer accounts for about 5% of men with malignant tumors and 2% of women with malignant tumors, so extra attention should be paid to bladder cancer. Early symptoms of bladder cancer is very light, or even completely absent, the main symptoms of hematuria, like most urological tumors. The first symptom of more than 80% of bladder cancer patients is hematuria, and about 15% of patients have frequent urination, dysuria, and urgency. Nearly 50% of patients with hematuria from hematuria to diagnose the calendar when more than 6 months. Not only a few times within a year of micro-hematuria, but urine immediately after hematuria clear, which requires timely judgment. Regular urine cytology is a reliable method of early diagnosis of urinary tract tumors. In the doubt of the bladder tumor, the purpose of the diagnosis is not only to make a diagnosis of the tumor under consideration, but also to determine the size and location of the tumor, the infiltration period and the degree of malignancy around it. The most important diagnostic measure