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与欧洲相比,中国在供热系统改革和降低楼宇能耗方面的努力既有相似之处又有一定的区别。其中的一些区别点与东西欧之间的区别一样。当然,存在的一些不同点是中国所独有的,因此需要整体的、本地化的解决方案。目前的改革绝大部分是零散式的,这是因为每个城市和地区都要以自己的方式来解析热改。但大多数努力不是缺乏专业技术就是急于寻找快速解决方案,结果是将供热改革复杂性质所要求的若干步骤仓促实施。本文所传达的最重要的信息是:优先实施有最大节能潜力的措施;注意实施步骤的顺序和时间;比实施节能步骤本身更重要的是经验、能力和对消费者培训的经验积累。欧洲供热改革的成功主要在于此,并且开展了三四十年。本文第一部分介绍了德国(东德和西德)供热改革的发展和基础性问题的解决方案,其中也包括了其他欧洲国家的例子,第二部分对中国的供热改革提出了一些建议。
Compared with Europe, China has both similarities and certain differences in its efforts to reform the heating system and reduce building energy consumption. Some of these differences are the same as the differences between East and West. Of course, there are some differences that are unique to China and therefore require a holistic, localized solution. Most of the current reforms are fragmented, because every city and region has to analyze its own reform in its own way. Most efforts, however, are either the lack of expertise or the rush to find rapid solutions, resulting in the rush to implement several steps required for the complex nature of the heating reform. The most important message conveyed in this article is that priority is given to measures that have the greatest potential for energy savings; attention is given to the sequence and timing of steps; and more important than the implementation of the energy-saving steps themselves are experience, ability and experience in consumer training. The success of the European heating reform is mainly due to this, and launched three or four decades. The first part of this article introduces the solution to the development and basic problems of heating reform in Germany (East Germany and West Germany), including the examples of other European countries. The second part puts forward some suggestions on China's heating reform.