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试验在河北省张家口市农科院宣化试验站(115°3’N,40°63’E)进行,研究了露地平地种植、全膜平铺平地种植、沟植不覆盖地膜、垄膜覆盖膜侧沟植4种种植方式下地膜覆盖对张杂谷3号光合作用等生理特征、产量及水分利用的影响。试验结果表明,地膜覆盖使平播及沟植条件下的籽粒产量分别增加13.25%和6.64%,叶片水势提高0.16 MPa和0.09 MPa,叶片光合速率提高10.87%和15.69%,蒸腾速率提高8.5%和15.95%,气孔导度提高0.0092 mol·m-2·s-1和0.0284 mol·m-2·s-1,叶片水分利用效率提高13.80%和1.80%。从以上结果得出:(1)地膜覆盖改善了植株水分状态,叶片水势和叶绿素含量均提高,植株生长旺盛;使叶片的光合等生理活动维持较高水平;植株水分利用效率提升,从而促进了籽粒产量的显著提高;(2)平播条件下覆膜的增产效果较平地播种、无膜沟植、垄膜沟植更加明显。
The experiment was carried out in Xuanhua Experimental Station (115 ° 3’N, 40 ° 63’E) of Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province. The cultivation of open ground was planted, Effects of plastic film mulching on physiological characteristics, photosynthesis and photosynthesis of Zhangzagya No.3 under four planting modes of film ditch planting. The results showed that the mulching increased the grain yield by 13.25% and 6.64%, the water potential increased by 0.16 MPa and 0.09 MPa, the photosynthetic rate increased by 10.87% and 15.69%, the transpiration rate increased by 8.5% 15.95% and stomatal conductance increased by 0.0092 mol · m-2 · s-1 and 0.0284 mol · m-2 · s-1, respectively, and the leaf water use efficiency increased by 13.80% and 1.80% respectively. From the above results we can draw: (1) The mulching improved the water status of plants, the leaf water potential and chlorophyll content increased, and the plants grew vigorously; the photosynthesis and other physiological activities of the leaves were maintained at a high level; the water use efficiency of the plants was increased, Grain yield increased significantly; (2) under the condition of sowing, the yield increase of mulching was more than that of sowing.