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（School of Marxism，Yunnan Agricultural University，Kunming，Yunnan，650201，China）
JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY，VOL.6，NO.6，49-54，2015 （CN51-1731/C，in Chinese）
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-9391.2015.06.08
Abstract：
Transnational marriage in the SinoMyanmar border area is defined by locality，conditions of contact among the ethnic groups，as well as the social environment of both individuals and families.
This article selects Longan，Nongxian，Laxiang and Guangshan villages in Longchuan county，Yunnan province，China as the field investigation venues.
The characteristics of SinaMyanmar crossborder spouse selection channels have been verified as follows： First of all，most remarkably，the people in the area select their spouses mainly through acquaintance after having visited and/or worked together.
Secondly，marriage through introduction by parents or relatives takes up a considerable proportion，whereas the proportion of introductions through neighbors or covillagers is the least.Introduction by parents or relatives emphasizes the role of kinship networking，whereas，“visiting for social pleasure” model，to a great extent，reflects the relationships of marked locality.
In most cases，the individual networking core is shaped by intermediate kinship.However，close relatives may also be placed in estranged positions in these relationships.
The networks based upon locality manifest the regional channel for crossborder spouse selection along the ChinaMyanmar border.Social groups bound by locality networking constitute a community within a local area.Although certain separations exist in different kinship and locality networks，still，they are not completely beyond the particular community.
In the border villages，some crossborder marriages happen and take place through the recommendation of friends.In this case，the friends role in spouse selection is the same as that of the “principle of proximity.The marketplace is a natural place for exchange among the people，as well as a public place which has networks in multiple nearby villages.It is inevitably a place for chances of spouse selection.
In addition，the four villages have their own venues for religious activities，which，like the marketplaces，also strengthen exchanges among the border peoples.And，they also serve as important places for crossborder spouse selection.
Cowork networking also has become a new trend among the channels for spouse selection in the ChinaMyanmar border area. The interpersonal relationship in modern society tends to expand from kinship，marriage and locality to study and work connections. Compared with kinship and locality，the work connection factor is the most direct in the process of spouse selection.Benefiting from the close locality and ethnic identity，the people from different countries，but who belong to the same ethnic group，are more likely to form relationships while working.This can provide sufficient evidence for crossborder marriage occurring out of crossborder free courtship.
Spouse selection is a social process，even for those who have gone through a stage of free courtship，albeit one with social structural characteristics.Based on the network of social relationships，the channels for crossborder spouse selection are explored and found reflected this feature.The ChinaMyanmar border spouse selection channel also shows that individual social behavior is matched with relevant groups of people and geographical characteristics.The crossborder marriage is not a “special case”，but，rather，a normal outcome of the connections among the crossborder ethnic groups in their living areas.Crossborder marriage has a positive effect in continuing and developing local ethnic groups，and is recognized by the people themselves.However，it arouses some attention from “others” because of conflict with some ethnic policies and measures.Thus，several social problems about the “No Myanmar spouse is allowed to get a Chinese registered permanent residence” are inferred.Seen from the current available research findings，indepth and thorough discussions regarding crossborder marriage issues have been carried out on the national level.However，analysis regarding about the “reasonableness” in the ethnic society still needs further exploration in the field，so as to identify possible solutions to the problems from an “emic” perspectives.
Key Words： SinaMyanmar Crossborder marriage;marital spouse selection channel
References：
Bu Changli.“chaxu geju” de lilun quanshi ji xiandai neihan （ The Theoretical Interpretation and Modern Meaning for the Pattern of Difference Sequence.In Sociological Studies，2003，（1）：27.
Claude LeviStrauss.Yexing de siwei （The Savage Mind）.Liu Youyan transl.Beijing： shangwu chubanshe，1987：145-146.
Fei Xiaotong.xingtu zhongguo，shengyu zhidu （Rural China and Fertility Regime）.Bejing：beijing daxue chubanshe.1998：70-71.
Gu Jiarong.diyu，shenfen yu rentong—yunnan jinshuihe cun daizu kuaguo hunyin diaocha （Region，Status and Identity： The Investigation of Transnational Marriage for Dai People in Jinshuihe village Yunnan province）.In Nationalities Research in Qinghai，2009，（4）：9. Guo Yuhua.nongcun xiandaihua guochengzhong de chuantong qinyuan guanxi（The Traditional Relationship in the Process of Rural Modernization.In Sociological Research，1994，（6）：54.
Ji Guoxiu.hunyin yishi bianqian yu shehui wangluo chongjian（The Change of Wedding Ceremony and the Reconstruction of Social Network.）Beijing： zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe，2005：100.
Mark.Hurt.biandongzhong de jiating—kua wenhua de toushi （Family in the Change： A Cross Cultural Perspective.Song Jian，Li Ru transl.Hang Zhou：zhejiang renmin chubanshe.1998：159.
Pierre Bourdieu.shijian gan （The Logic of Practice）.Jiang Cihua transl.Nanjing：yilin chubanshe.2003：265-266，268.
Qing Hongzeng，Li Kaiyuan，Song Xiubo.zhongyue bianjing diqu kuaguo hunyin moshi xintan—yi guangxi longzhou wudexiang bunong santun weili （The Study of the Model of Transnational Marriage in SinoVietnam Frontier.In Heilongjiang National Series，2011，（5）：112.
Sun Shumin.xifang xuezhe guanyu zeou de jizhong lilun （Some Theories about Mate Selection of Western Scholar），2002，（3）：18-19.
Tian Xiaohong.zhuanxingqi zeou moshi de shitai yu bianhua （The Situation and Change of the Mate Selection in the Period of Transformation）.In Zhejiang Academic Journal，2001，（1）：99-100.
Wang Xiaoyan.cong minzu neihun dao kuaguo hunyin： zhongmian bianjing shaoshu minzu tonghunquan de bianqian（From Intermarriage to Transnational Marriage：Changes of the Marriage Patterns of Ethnic Groups in the SinoMyanmar CrossBorder Areas.In Thinking，2014，（6）：56.
Wang Xiaoyan.bianjing jishi yu cunluo gongtongti de jiangou—jiyu zhongmian bianjing longbazhen de diaocha （The Relationship of Market on the Border and the Construction of Villager Community： Based on the Research of Longba Town on the Border Between China and Burma.In Minzu Tribune.2012，（4）：69.
Yan Yunxiang.zhongguo shehui de getihua （The Individualization of Chinese Society）.Lu Yang transl.Shang Hai：shanghai yiwen chubanshe，2012：132-133.
Zhang Jiguo.lun diyuan wenhua （The Study of Geographical Relationship）.In Social Sciences Review，2011，（9）：126.
Zhou Changcheng，Liu meng.shehui wangluo shiyexia de zeou xingwei（The study of Mate Selection in the View of Social Network.In Exploration and Free Views，2007，（9）：27.
Zhu Jinhui.quanzi： nongcun funv richang shenghuo zhong de jiaowang hudong （Social Circle： Country Womens Daily Social Interaction）.In Journal of Southwest Petroleum Universality，2011，（5）：64.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY，VOL.6，NO.6，49-54，2015 （CN51-1731/C，in Chinese）
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-9391.2015.06.08
Abstract：
Transnational marriage in the SinoMyanmar border area is defined by locality，conditions of contact among the ethnic groups，as well as the social environment of both individuals and families.
This article selects Longan，Nongxian，Laxiang and Guangshan villages in Longchuan county，Yunnan province，China as the field investigation venues.
The characteristics of SinaMyanmar crossborder spouse selection channels have been verified as follows： First of all，most remarkably，the people in the area select their spouses mainly through acquaintance after having visited and/or worked together.
Secondly，marriage through introduction by parents or relatives takes up a considerable proportion，whereas the proportion of introductions through neighbors or covillagers is the least.Introduction by parents or relatives emphasizes the role of kinship networking，whereas，“visiting for social pleasure” model，to a great extent，reflects the relationships of marked locality.
In most cases，the individual networking core is shaped by intermediate kinship.However，close relatives may also be placed in estranged positions in these relationships.
The networks based upon locality manifest the regional channel for crossborder spouse selection along the ChinaMyanmar border.Social groups bound by locality networking constitute a community within a local area.Although certain separations exist in different kinship and locality networks，still，they are not completely beyond the particular community.
In the border villages，some crossborder marriages happen and take place through the recommendation of friends.In this case，the friends role in spouse selection is the same as that of the “principle of proximity.The marketplace is a natural place for exchange among the people，as well as a public place which has networks in multiple nearby villages.It is inevitably a place for chances of spouse selection.
In addition，the four villages have their own venues for religious activities，which，like the marketplaces，also strengthen exchanges among the border peoples.And，they also serve as important places for crossborder spouse selection.
Cowork networking also has become a new trend among the channels for spouse selection in the ChinaMyanmar border area. The interpersonal relationship in modern society tends to expand from kinship，marriage and locality to study and work connections. Compared with kinship and locality，the work connection factor is the most direct in the process of spouse selection.Benefiting from the close locality and ethnic identity，the people from different countries，but who belong to the same ethnic group，are more likely to form relationships while working.This can provide sufficient evidence for crossborder marriage occurring out of crossborder free courtship.
Spouse selection is a social process，even for those who have gone through a stage of free courtship，albeit one with social structural characteristics.Based on the network of social relationships，the channels for crossborder spouse selection are explored and found reflected this feature.The ChinaMyanmar border spouse selection channel also shows that individual social behavior is matched with relevant groups of people and geographical characteristics.The crossborder marriage is not a “special case”，but，rather，a normal outcome of the connections among the crossborder ethnic groups in their living areas.Crossborder marriage has a positive effect in continuing and developing local ethnic groups，and is recognized by the people themselves.However，it arouses some attention from “others” because of conflict with some ethnic policies and measures.Thus，several social problems about the “No Myanmar spouse is allowed to get a Chinese registered permanent residence” are inferred.Seen from the current available research findings，indepth and thorough discussions regarding crossborder marriage issues have been carried out on the national level.However，analysis regarding about the “reasonableness” in the ethnic society still needs further exploration in the field，so as to identify possible solutions to the problems from an “emic” perspectives.
Key Words： SinaMyanmar Crossborder marriage;marital spouse selection channel
References：
Bu Changli.“chaxu geju” de lilun quanshi ji xiandai neihan （ The Theoretical Interpretation and Modern Meaning for the Pattern of Difference Sequence.In Sociological Studies，2003，（1）：27.
Claude LeviStrauss.Yexing de siwei （The Savage Mind）.Liu Youyan transl.Beijing： shangwu chubanshe，1987：145-146.
Fei Xiaotong.xingtu zhongguo，shengyu zhidu （Rural China and Fertility Regime）.Bejing：beijing daxue chubanshe.1998：70-71.
Gu Jiarong.diyu，shenfen yu rentong—yunnan jinshuihe cun daizu kuaguo hunyin diaocha （Region，Status and Identity： The Investigation of Transnational Marriage for Dai People in Jinshuihe village Yunnan province）.In Nationalities Research in Qinghai，2009，（4）：9. Guo Yuhua.nongcun xiandaihua guochengzhong de chuantong qinyuan guanxi（The Traditional Relationship in the Process of Rural Modernization.In Sociological Research，1994，（6）：54.
Ji Guoxiu.hunyin yishi bianqian yu shehui wangluo chongjian（The Change of Wedding Ceremony and the Reconstruction of Social Network.）Beijing： zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe，2005：100.
Mark.Hurt.biandongzhong de jiating—kua wenhua de toushi （Family in the Change： A Cross Cultural Perspective.Song Jian，Li Ru transl.Hang Zhou：zhejiang renmin chubanshe.1998：159.
Pierre Bourdieu.shijian gan （The Logic of Practice）.Jiang Cihua transl.Nanjing：yilin chubanshe.2003：265-266，268.
Qing Hongzeng，Li Kaiyuan，Song Xiubo.zhongyue bianjing diqu kuaguo hunyin moshi xintan—yi guangxi longzhou wudexiang bunong santun weili （The Study of the Model of Transnational Marriage in SinoVietnam Frontier.In Heilongjiang National Series，2011，（5）：112.
Sun Shumin.xifang xuezhe guanyu zeou de jizhong lilun （Some Theories about Mate Selection of Western Scholar），2002，（3）：18-19.
Tian Xiaohong.zhuanxingqi zeou moshi de shitai yu bianhua （The Situation and Change of the Mate Selection in the Period of Transformation）.In Zhejiang Academic Journal，2001，（1）：99-100.
Wang Xiaoyan.cong minzu neihun dao kuaguo hunyin： zhongmian bianjing shaoshu minzu tonghunquan de bianqian（From Intermarriage to Transnational Marriage：Changes of the Marriage Patterns of Ethnic Groups in the SinoMyanmar CrossBorder Areas.In Thinking，2014，（6）：56.
Wang Xiaoyan.bianjing jishi yu cunluo gongtongti de jiangou—jiyu zhongmian bianjing longbazhen de diaocha （The Relationship of Market on the Border and the Construction of Villager Community： Based on the Research of Longba Town on the Border Between China and Burma.In Minzu Tribune.2012，（4）：69.
Yan Yunxiang.zhongguo shehui de getihua （The Individualization of Chinese Society）.Lu Yang transl.Shang Hai：shanghai yiwen chubanshe，2012：132-133.
Zhang Jiguo.lun diyuan wenhua （The Study of Geographical Relationship）.In Social Sciences Review，2011，（9）：126.
Zhou Changcheng，Liu meng.shehui wangluo shiyexia de zeou xingwei（The study of Mate Selection in the View of Social Network.In Exploration and Free Views，2007，（9）：27.
Zhu Jinhui.quanzi： nongcun funv richang shenghuo zhong de jiaowang hudong （Social Circle： Country Womens Daily Social Interaction）.In Journal of Southwest Petroleum Universality，2011，（5）：64.