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中国戏曲源远流长,种类繁多,形态各异,其演出地域广阔,既在城市上演,也于乡间献艺。关于历代乡村演剧,论者不算太多。笔者多年来从事古代戏曲研究,较多关注戏曲文物及祭祀戏剧演出,由是对乡村演剧的历史发展、民俗环境、学术价值稍有了解。现将观察思索所得缕述如下,以供对这些问题有兴趣的方家学者进一步研究。一戏曲形成时期乡村演剧与城市演剧同步学界一般认为我国的戏曲在宋金时期形成。据史料记载,北宋末年,杂剧在汴京和一些大城市中已有广泛演出。其实这时期的乡村演剧也很活跃。
Chinese opera has a long history, a wide range of different forms, its performance is vast, both staged in the city, but also in the country. On the history of rural drama, the argument is not too much. The author has been engaged in the study of ancient drama for many years, and has paid more attention to drama relics and sacrificial drama performances. This is a brief understanding of the historical development, folk custom and academic value of rural drama. The following is a summary of the observations and reflections for further study by Fang scholars who are interested in these issues. A drama during the formation of rural drama and urban drama synchronization Academia generally think that the formation of our opera in the Song and Jin Dynasties. According to historical records, the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zaju in Beijing and some big cities have been widely performed. In fact, this period of rural drama is also very active.