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启发式教学原则是各种教学方法的灵魂,它渗透在教学活动的各个方面,并贯穿教学过程的始终。教师在典型示范与一般要求相结合、讲授与引导相结合、肯定与补充相结合的原则指导下,可采取多种多样的形式进行启发。如何启发学生是一门艺术。下面就启发式教学的形式谈点肤浅的认识。正问启发正问启发是教师最常用的一种启发形式,即依据教学的重点、难点,提出富有启发性的问题。它往往在教材的关键处、转折处或引申处等提出“为什么?”提问要问到“点子”上,要有一定的分量,也要难易适度,有利于师生间的共鸣。同时,它要指给学生正确的思考方法,从正确的立场分析问题。例如,讲《匈牙利苏维埃共和国》时,提出:十月革命的道路是什么?匈牙利革命是不是暴力革命?在暴力基础上的和平夺权是
The heuristic teaching principle is the soul of all kinds of teaching methods. It permeates all aspects of teaching activities and runs through the teaching process. Under the guidance of the principle of combination of typical demonstration and general requirements, combination of teaching and guidance, affirmation and supplement, teachers can take a variety of forms to inspire. How to inspire students is an art. The following on the form of heuristic teaching about superficial understanding. Just ask the inspiration Inspiration is asking questions Inspiration is the most commonly used form of inspiration, that is based on the teaching of the key and difficult issues raised illuminating questions. It is often in the teaching materials of the key office, turning point or extension of the Department put forward “why?” Question to ask “ideas”, have a certain weight, but also easy and moderate, is conducive to resonance between teachers and students. At the same time, it means giving students the correct way of thinking and analyzing the problem from the correct standpoint. For example, in the case of the “Hungarian Soviet Republic,” it was proposed: what is the road to the October Revolution? Is the Hungarian revolution a violent revolution? Peaceful seizure of power on the basis of violence is