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目的:分析抗震救灾时间和地点对救灾人员心理的影响,为开展心理干预提供依据。方法:震后应急期,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对汶川、彭州、青川的救灾官兵519例进行测试,并根据其参与救灾时间长短分为10～12天组、13～15天组和16～18天组,分析时间和地点因素对心理指标的影响。结果:(1)10～12天组SCL-90各因子得分显著高于其他两组(P<0.01)。(2)汶川组SCL-90总均分、各因子得分高于其他组(P<0.01)。青川组除强迫、敌对、精神病性因子外,其余因子得分高于彭州组。(3)救灾地点和救灾时间与总均分的相关系数分别为12.25和-1.16(P<0.01)。结论:抗震救灾人员的心理状态有显著的时间和地域特征,震后心理干预应综合考虑相关因素的影响。
Objective: To analyze the impact of earthquake relief time and place on the psychological relief of disaster relief workers, and provide the basis for psychological intervention. Methods: After the earthquake, 519 emergency relief soldiers in Wenchuan, Pengzhou and Qingchuan were tested by SCL-90 and divided into 10 ~ 12 days group and 13 ~ 15 Day group and 16-18 day group, analyze the influence of time and place factors on psychological index. Results: (1) Scores of SCL-90 in 10 ~ 12 days group were significantly higher than those in other two groups (P <0.01). (2) The total score of SCL-90 in Wenchuan group was higher than other groups (P <0.01). Qingchuan group in addition to forced, hostile, psychotic factors, other factors score higher than the Pengzhou group. (3) Correlation coefficients between disaster relief sites and disaster relief time and total score were 12.25 and -1.16 respectively (P <0.01). Conclusion: The mental state of earthquake relief workers has obvious time and regional characteristics. After the earthquake, the psychological intervention should consider the influence of relevant factors.