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目标视角为44°的炉用察视镜与德国著名的光学仪器制造者一起发展起来了。通过绕仪器的纵轴将其转动(360°),可观察总共为88°的立体角,而不需要使仪器移到其他位置。同时,于目镜中观察到的象始终是垂直的。当目标视角为44°时,也可以望见与察视镜轴成90°方向的物体。仪器的光学部份置于外径为65毫米的水冷保护管中。用压缩空气来冷却物镜。按不同的应用范围,可分别采用装配长度为300、675和1000毫米的察视镜。在炉子工作时,为了观察火焰的变化、炉料的装炉和熔化以及耐火材料的状况,迄今为止,一直是把仪器安放到最大温度超过1600℃的搭池以及坩埚炉和敝开的槽池中去。用静止物象摄影机(小型摄影机)和电影摄影机(16毫米)可拍摄籍助察视镜所观察到的详细情况。改进对玻璃熔炉内变化过程的目视观察有许多好处:由此可使火焰调整和正确的装料变得容易了;可较好地判断耐火材料的状态,并且从而为只列举几种可能性,可有效地估计炉子的寿命。可惜,按惯用方法,为使观察性良好,只能开许多观察孔,这就产生许多缺点。应用炉用察视镜提供了一条保持优点而不伴生缺点的途径。具有电视摄影机的炉用察视镜和分离开的显示器对连续操作是很适合的。但是,由于分辨能力小以及为了获取资料,用摄影固定图象困难较大,因此,,图象质量很受限制。使用可移动的,具有高质量透镜组的察视镜显著地扩大了克服上述缺点的可能性。这种察视镜不仅适用于目视观察而且也适用于制备照片和电影片。当然,有成效地使用这种仪器,其先决条件是:要使它做得轻便,体积要小,以便可能在使用时,将其移来移去,同时开个小的炉子观察孔就足能满足要求了。为使不能直接观察的区域也能被观察到,其有效视角应该是大的,并且尽可能地折曲。德国玻璃工业冶炼技术协会(HVG)与Hensoldt和S(?)hne,Wetzlar公司合作成功地研制了炉用察视镜。这种察视镜能更好、更全面地满足规定的要求。关于结构、作用原理和实践经验将在下面予以报导。
The furnace viewing scope with a target angle of 44 ° was developed with the famous German manufacturer of optical instruments. By rotating (360 °) about the longitudinal axis of the instrument, a total of 88 ° solid angle can be observed without having to move the instrument to another location. At the same time, the image observed in the eyepiece is always vertical. When the target viewing angle is 44 °, it is also possible to see objects that are at 90 ° to the viewing mirror axis. The optical part of the instrument is placed in a water-cooled protective tube with an outer diameter of 65 mm. Use compressed air to cool the objective. Depending on the application, viewing mirrors with assembly lengths of 300, 675 and 1000 mm, respectively, can be used. In order to observe changes in the flame, loading and melting of the charge, and the status of the refractory during the operation of the oven, it has hitherto been possible to place the instrument in the lap and in the crucible furnace and the open cell whose maximum temperature exceeds 1600 ° C go with. With still camera (mini camera) and movie camera (16 mm), the detail observed with the help of the sight glass can be taken. There are many benefits to improving visual observation of the process of variation within a glass melting furnace: thereby making flame adjustment and proper charging easier; better judgments on the state of the refractory material and thus, to cite just a few possibilities , Can effectively estimate the life of the stove. Unfortunately, according to the usual methods, for good observability, only a large number of observation holes can be opened, resulting in many disadvantages. The use of a glaze for the furnace provides a way to maintain its advantages without any associated disadvantages. Furnace view cameras with a video camera and separate displays are suitable for continuous operation. However, image quality is limited due to the small resolving power and the difficulty of fixing images by photography in order to obtain information. The use of a movable sight glass with a high quality lens set significantly enlarges the possibility of overcoming the above drawbacks. This sight glass is suitable not only for visual observation but also for the production of photographs and films. Of course, it is a prerequisite for the efficient use of such an instrument that, to make it lightweight and small in size, it is possible to remove it while in use and to open a small furnace viewing aperture is sufficient Meet the requirements. In order to be able to observe areas that are not directly observable, their effective viewing angle should be large and flexed as much as possible. German glass industry smelting technology association (HVG) and Hensoldt and S (?) Hne, Wetzlar company successfully developed furnace glazing. This sight glass can better and more fully meet the requirements. The structure, principles of action and practical experience will be reported below.