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１．序 对于日语学习者来说，日语中的自动词和他动词以及主动句「能勤文」和被动句「受勤文」既有容易理解的一面又有难于掌握的一面。不言而喻，这是由于中日两种语言的不同特征和母语影响所决定的。“容易理解’是因为汉语和日语中都存在自动词和他动词（在汉语中通常被称为
1. For Japanese learners, Japanese words and verbs, as well as the active sentence “can Qin Wen” and the passive sentence “Qin Qin” both easy to understand side and difficult to grasp. It goes without saying that this is due to the different characteristics of the two languages of China and Japan and the influence of their mother tongue. “Easy to understand” is because there are both verbs and verbs in Chinese and Japanese (commonly known in Chinese as