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Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response,involvingpathways of inflammation and fibrogenesis.In responseto various insults,such as alcohol,ischemia,viral agents,and medications or hepatotoxins,hepatocyte damagewill cause the release of cytokines and other solublefactors by Kupffer cells and other cell types in the liver.These factors lead to activation of hepatic stellate cells,which synthesize large amounts of extracellular matrixcomponents.With chronic injury and fibrosis,liverarchitecture and metabolism are disrupted,eventuallymanifesting as cirrhosis and its complications.Inaddition to eliminating etiology,such as antiviral therapyand pharmacological intervention,it is encouragingthat novel strategies are being developed to directlyaddress hepatic injury and fibrosis at the subcellular andmolecular levels.With improvement in understandingthese mechanisms and pathways,key steps in injury,signaling,activation,and gene expression are beingtargeted by molecular modalities and other molecular orgene therapy approaches.This article intends to providean update in terms of the current status of moleculartherapy for hepatic injury and fibrosis and how far weare from clinical utilization of these new therapeuticmodalities.
Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response, involving Pathways of inflammation and fibrogenesis. In response to various insults, such as alcohol, ischemia, viral agents, and medications or hepatotoxins, hepatocyte damage cause the release of cytokines and other soluble factors by Kupffer cells and other cell types in the liver. These factors lead to activation of hepatic stellate cells, which synthesize large amounts of extracellular matrixcomponents. With chronic injury and fibrosis, liverarchitecture and metabolism are disrupted, eventually manifesting as cirrhosis and its complications. supplementing the etiology, such as antiviral therapyand pharmacological intervention, it is encouraging novel clinical are being developed to directlyaddress hepatic injury and fibrosis at the subcellular andmolecular levels. Still improvement in understanding the mechanisms and pathways, key steps in injury, signaling, activation, and gene expression are beingtargeted by molecular modalities and othermolecular orgene therapy approaches. this article intends to provide an update in terms of the current status of moleculartherapy for hepatic injury and fibrosis and how far weare from a clinical utilization of these new therapeuticmodalities.